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PART 1 > The Eye > Flashcards

The Eye Flashcards

1
Q

Basal corneal epithelial cells are anchored to Bowman layer by?

A

Hemidesmosomes

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2
Q

Limbus houses _____ ____ ___ and _______ which link schlemm canal to aqueous veins

A

corneal stem cells
collector channels

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3
Q

The sclera is vascualr or avascular?

A

Avascular

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4
Q

What overlies the sclera

A

Episclera - 2 vascular layesr deep and superficial

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5
Q

The retina has dual circulation - what is it

A

Inner retina by reintal vessles
Outer retina by choroid

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6
Q

Radius of cornea

A

8mm

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7
Q

Radium of sclera

A

12mm

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8
Q

Which is greater in the globe? the equatorial or polar radius

A

equatorial

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9
Q

What is the anteroposterior diameter of the adult eye

A

23-25mm

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10
Q

Transverse diameter of adult eye

A

24mm

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11
Q

Average ACD

A

3.11mm

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12
Q

Average volume of anterior chamber

A

220 uL

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13
Q

Posterior chamber colume

A

60uL

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14
Q

Total volume of adult eye

A

6.5-7ml

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15
Q

Volume of vitreous gel

A

5-6ml

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16
Q

Grossly what are the 3 layers ofthe globe

A

outer protective layer middle vascular inner neural layer

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17
Q

Uvea is made up of

A

Choroid, Ciliary body, iris

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18
Q

What are the 3 layers of the precorneal tear film

A

Lipid
Aqoud
Mucin

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19
Q

Lipid layer of pre corneal tear film produced by?

A

Meibomian gland

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20
Q

Aqueous layer of pre corneal tear film produced by?

A

Lacrimal gland

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21
Q

Mucin layer of pre corneal tear film produced by?

A

goblet cells

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22
Q

What mediates the interaction of the mucoaqueous layer with the surface epithelial cells of the corena

A

Glycocalyx

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23
Q

Is the cornea vascular or avascualr

A

Avascualr

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24
Q

What are the 5 layers of the cornea

A

Epithelium
Bowman Layer
Stroma
Descemet
Endothelium

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25
Q

Cornea radius of curvature

A

7.8mm

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26
Q

Cornea refractive index

A

1/376

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27
Q

Dioptre power of cornea

A

43.25

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28
Q

Total refractive power of eye

A

58.60

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29
Q

Cornea derives nutrients from?

A

Aqueous humour

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30
Q

Horiszontal diameter of cornea

A

12mm

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31
Q

Vertical diameter of cornea

A

11mm

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32
Q

Which is more curved - posterior or anterior surface of the cornea

A

Posterior

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33
Q

Where is the cornea thinnest

A

centrally

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34
Q

Where is cornea flatter

A

in the periphery

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35
Q

Anterior surface of corena is covered by _________ ____ ______ epithelium

A

Non keratinized
stratified
squamous

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36
Q

How many cells layers is the nonkeratinized stratified squamous epitherlium

A

4-6layers

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37
Q

How thick is the non keratnized stratifies squamous epithelium

A

40-50 micormeter

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38
Q

Corneal surface epithelial cells are attached by?

A

Tight junctions

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39
Q

After injury is Bowman’s layer restored

A

No forms scar tissues

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40
Q

After injury is Descemet layer restored

A

Yes

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41
Q

Corneal stroma is _% of total corneal thickness

A

90%

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42
Q

THe stroma is composed of ______-_____ _____, ground substance and ______ ______

A

collagen producing keratocytes
collaged lamellae

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43
Q

Ground substance is made up of ?

A

Proteoglycans

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44
Q

What is the basal lamina of the corneal endothelium

A

Descemet membrane

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45
Q

What is Descement membrane thickness at birth and adulthood

A

birth 3-4um
10-12um

46
Q

Descemet membrane is rich in Type _ collagen

A

Type IV

47
Q

Peropheral excresecences of Descemets membrane is known as

A

Hassal Henle Warts

48
Q

Central excresxcences of Descemets membrane is known as

A

corneal guttae

49
Q

Corneal endothelium os composed of ______ layer of _____ cells

A

single layer of hexagonal cells

50
Q

HExagonal cells of the corneal endothelium are derived from

A

neural crest

51
Q

Adult density of corneal endothelial cells is

A

3000mm2

52
Q

Specular microscopy is used to visualise

A

Endothelial cells - size shape distribution

53
Q

The transition zone between the peripheral cornea and anterior sclera is known as the

A

limbus

54
Q

Limbal palisades of Vogt house the ?

A

corneal stem cells

55
Q

Schwalbe line is the termination of

A

Descemet membrane

56
Q

Where is the sclera thinnest?

A

Behind insertions of the rectus muscles

57
Q

Where is the sclera thickest?

A

Posterior pole around optic nerve head

58
Q

Most common site of scleral rupture following blunt trauma

A

Supernasal quad near limbus
circumferential arc parallel to corneal limbus opposte site of impact
behind the insertion of rectus muscles

59
Q

Endothelial cells in schlemm canal are joined by?

A

tight junctions

60
Q

Lens contributes __D of 60D to eyes focusing power

A

20S

61
Q

equatorial diameter of lens at birth

A

6.5mm

62
Q

Equatorial diameter of lens in adult

A

9-10mm

63
Q

AP width of lens at birth

A

3mm

64
Q

AP width of lens in adulthood

A

6mm

65
Q

accomadation is acheived by ______ contraction

A

ciliary muscle

66
Q

Lens capsule rich in Type _ collagen

A

Type IV

67
Q

Pedicle

A

Cone

68
Q

Spherule

A

Rod

69
Q

How many rods in the retina

A

100-125 millin

70
Q

How many cones in the retina

A

6-7 million

71
Q

Which layer of retinal are muller cells nuclei locates

A

inner nuclear layer

72
Q

What type od cells are Muller cells

A

Glial cells

73
Q

What is the role of glial cells in the retina

A

Structural support and nutrition

74
Q

main type of collagen in vitreous

A

type 2

75
Q

What is the venous drainage of the conj

A

super and inf ophthalmic veins

76
Q

refractive index of cornea

A

1.376

77
Q

what is the total refractive power of the cornea

A

43

78
Q

50% of stroma is _____ collagen

A

type 1

79
Q

Descemet’s is mainly type __ collagen

A

type IV

80
Q

where is glucose supply to corneal epithelium from?

A

tear film

81
Q

where is glucose supply to corneal endothelium from?

A

aqueous

82
Q

Main way glucose is metabolised in the cornea

A

anaerobic glycolysis

83
Q

what is the most common corneal proteoglycan

A

keratan sulphate

84
Q

does pupillary dilatation increase or reduce diffraction

A

reduce

85
Q

does pupillary dilatation increase or reduce chromatic abberation

A

increase

86
Q

light entering at the edge of the pupil is less effective at stimulating photreceptors than light entering centrally because it meets the receptors obliquely rather than head on is called

A

Stiles-Crawford effect

87
Q

Pupil dilatation increases or reduces the Stiles Crawford effect

A

increases

88
Q

Mydrisasis is caused by contraction of

A

dilator pupillae

89
Q

Mydriasis is stimulated by __________ _____ nerves passing through ciliary ganglion

A

Noradrenergic sympathetic

90
Q

Miosis is stimulated by contraction of

A

sphincter pupillae

91
Q

Miosis is stimulated by ________ postganglionic ______ fibres from the ciliary ganglion

A

chloinergic parasympatheitc

92
Q

In Horner’s pupil, will cocaine dilate the pupil

A

No, increased adrenergic activity by preventing reuptake has no effect on interrupted neural pathway

93
Q

Hydroxyamphetamine will dilate a _____ and ____ neruone Horner but not a _____ order neurone lesion

A

Hydroxyamphetamine will dilate a 1st and 2nd neruone Horner but not a 3rdorder neurone lesion

94
Q

The lens has greater curvature ______

A

anteriorly

95
Q

lens diameter

A

10mm

96
Q

Lens placode develops from surface ectoderm at what day

A

27 days

97
Q

Lens placode invaginates into optic cup to from lens vesicle at day

A

33

98
Q

anterior lens suture is ___ shaped

A

Y

99
Q

posterior lens suture is _____ shaped

A

inverted Y

100
Q

Aquaporin-0 functions as a ?

A

water channel

101
Q

in the lens sodium is low/high and potassium is low/high

A

sodium low and potassium high

102
Q

most important antioxidant in the lens

A

glutathione

103
Q

choroid has high/low flow and high/low oxygen excahnge

A

high flow low exchange

104
Q

choroidal vessels are embedde in type __ collagen matrix

A

III

105
Q

what are the 3 vessel layers in the choroid called

A

choriocappilaris and Hallers and Sattlers

106
Q

which layer in the choroid has larger vessel forms

A

Hallers layer

107
Q

Lamina vitrea also called____ _______

A

Bruchs membrane

108
Q

what are the 5 layers of lamina vitrea

A

RPE, collagen, elastic, collagen, choriocappilaris

109
Q

choriocapillaris is most dense and widest where in the retina

A

macula

110
Q

choriocapillaris receives blood from which layer

A

sattler’s layer

111
Q

less/more laserp power required for photocoagulation of darkly pigemented fundu

A

less

112
Q

main type of collagen in the vitreous

A

type II

PART 1 (10 decks)

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