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PART 1 > Anatomy > Flashcards

Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

shortest most direct path the optic nerve is along which wall

A

medial wall

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2
Q

which channels in the medial wall of the orbit facilitate the spread of infection from ethmoid sinus into orbit

A

emissary channels

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3
Q

___ wing of the ____ bone houses the optic canal

A

lesser wing of sphenoid

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4
Q

infraorbital hypoesthesia suggests impigement of which nerve

A

infraorbital nerve

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5
Q

what contains the infraorbital nerve

A

infraorbital groove

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6
Q

retrobulbar optic neuritis causes pain with eye movement because the ___ & ____ rectus muscles are adjacent to the annulus optic nerve sheath at the ____ _ ____

A

retrobulbar optic neuritis causes pain with eye movement because the superior & medial rectus muscles are adjacent to the annulus optic nerve sheath at the Annulus of Zinn

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7
Q

volume of bony orbit

A

30ml

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8
Q

Orbit is ____ shaped and the ___ ___ represents the stem

A

Orbit is __pear__ shaped and the optic nerve represents the stem

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9
Q

Orbitan entrance height and width in mm

A

height 35mm
width 45 mm

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10
Q

widest park of orbital apex is where

A

1 cm behind the anterior orbital margin

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11
Q

depth of orbit in mm

A

40-45mm

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12
Q

name the 7 bones that make up the bony orbit

A

Many Friendly Zebras Enjoy Lazy Summer Picnics
Maxillary
Frontal
Zygomatic
Ethmoid
Lacrima
Sphenoid (greater and lesser wings)
Palatine

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13
Q

Orbital roof formed of

A

Orbital plate of frontal bone
lesser wing of sphenoid bone

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14
Q

Where does the lacrimal gland reside

A

orbtial roof anterolaterally behind the zygomatic process of the frontal bone

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15
Q

Medial wall of orbit formed from

A

Frontal process of maxillary
lacrimal
orbital plate of ethmoid
lesser wing of sphenoid

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16
Q

Fossa for lacrimal sac is formed by

A

frontal process of maxillary bone and lacrimal bone

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17
Q

the lacrimal fossa is continuous with the ____ canal which extends into the ____ ______

A

the lacrimal fossa is continuous with the nasolacrimal canal which extends into the inferior meatus

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18
Q

most common site of fracture following blunt trauma

A

lamina papyracea

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19
Q

floor of orbit is also roof of ____ ____

A

floor of orbit is also roof of maxillary sinus

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20
Q

orbital bones of orbital floor

A

orbital plate of maxillary
palatine
orbital plate of zygomatic

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21
Q

Infraorbital nerve is ____ division of ______ nerve

A

Infraorbital nerve is maxillary division of trigeminal nerve

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22
Q

The floor of orbit slopes posterior to anterior how many degrees

A

20

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23
Q

Thickest and strongest orbital wall

A

lateral

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24
Q

Lateral obrital wall bones

A

Zygomatic and greater wing of sphenoid

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25
Q

Whitnall tubercle is elevation of which bone

A

zygomatic

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26
Q

where does the whitnall tubercle lie in relation to frontozygomatic suture

A

11mm below

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27
Q

Name 4 structures that attach to Whitnall ligament

A

Check ligament of LR
Lockwook suspensory ligament
lateral canthal tendon
lateral horn of levator aponeurosis

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28
Q

Which foramen is the entry point to optic canal

A

optic foramen

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29
Q

Optic foramen leads from _____ _____ ____ to _____ __ _____

A

Optic foramen leads from middle cranial fossa apex of orbit

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30
Q

Optic canal contains

A

Ophthalmic artery Optic nerve and sympathetic fibres from carotid plexus

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31
Q

Supraorbital nerve is extension of ____ nerve, branch of the ____ division of CN _

A

Supraorbital nerve is extension of frontal nerve, branch of the ophthalmic division of CN V

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32
Q

Supraorbital foramen transmits

A

supraorbital nerve

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33
Q

The nasolacrimal duct travels inferiorly from ______ ___ _____ into_______ ______

A

The nasolacrimal duct travels inferiorly from lacrimal sac fossa into inferior meatus

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34
Q

The lateral wall of each orbits forms and angle of ___ with the medial lane

A

45 degrees

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35
Q

Ciliary ganglion contains 3 roots which are ?

A

sensory
motor
sympathetic

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36
Q

Sensory root of ciliary ganglion arises from the _______ branch of CN _

A

Sensory root of ciliary ganglion arises from the nasocilairy branch of CN V1

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37
Q

The sensory root of the ciliary ganglion contains sensory fibres from which structures of the eye

A

cornea, iris and ciliary body

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38
Q

Motor root of ciliary ganglion arises from ______ division of CN _

A

Motor root of ciliary ganglion arises from inferior division of CN III

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39
Q

Motor root of ciliary ganglion carries ______ fibres from ________ nucleus

A

Motor root of ciliary ganglion carries preganglioninc parasympathetic fibres fibres from Edinger Westphal nucleus

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40
Q

Fibres of motor root synapse in the ciliary ganglion and postganglionic fibres carry parasympathetic axons to suppy the ____ ______

A

FIbres of motor root synapse in the ciliary ganglion and postganglionic fibres carry parasympathetic axons to supply the iris sphincter

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41
Q

Which fibres synapse in the ciliary ganglion

A

parasympathetic fibres

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42
Q

Where do short ciliary nerves arise from?

A

Ciliary ganglion

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43
Q

The long ciliary nerves arise from ____ branch of CN _

A

The long ciliary nerves arise from nasociliary branch of CN V1

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44
Q

Long ciliary nerves are sensory or motor?

A

sensory

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45
Q

Short ciliary nerve are sensory or motor?

A

both

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46
Q

which EOM originate from Annulus of Zinn

A

MR LR IR SR

47
Q

Where does inferior oblique originate

A

depression on orbital floor near orbital rim

48
Q

where does superior obliqu originate from

A

medial to optic froamen between annulis of Zinn and periorbita

49
Q

MR inserts __ mm from limbus

A

MR inserts 5.5 mm from limbus

50
Q

IR inserts __ mm from limbus

A

IR inserts 6.5 mm from limbus

51
Q

LR inserts __ mm from limbus

A

LR inserts 6.9 mm from limbus

52
Q

SR inserts __ mm from limbus

A

SR inserts 7.7 mm from limbus

53
Q

LPS originates from

A

lesser wing of sphenoid

54
Q

Superior orbital tendon gives rise to which muscles

A

superior rectus and portions of lateral and medial

55
Q

Inferior orbtial tendon gives rise to which muscles

A

inferior recuts and portions of medial and lateral

56
Q

which muscle does not orignate from orbital apex

A

inferior oblique

57
Q

In EOM the ration of nerve fibres: muscle fibres is

A

1:3 - 1:5

58
Q

In EOM the ration of nerve fibres: muscle fibres is high or low compared to skeletal

A

high

59
Q

Fibres of EOM are mixture of ?

A

slow tonic fibres and fast twitch type fibres

60
Q

Slow tonic fibres are useful for ____ _____ movements

A

smooth pursuit

61
Q

Fast twitch fibres are useful for ___ ____ movements

A

rapid saccading

62
Q

slow tonic type fibres have __ ____ nerve endings

A

en grappe

63
Q

fast twitch fibres have __ ____ nerve endings

A

en plaque

64
Q

Blood suppy of EOM

A

Anterior ciliary arteries ( branc of ophthlamic artery)

65
Q

Hoe is blood drained in the eye

A

vortex veins

66
Q

Which parts of the eye do vortex veins drain

A

choroid, ciliary body and iris

67
Q

muscles (2) responsible of elevation of upper eyelid

A

levator palpebrae superioirs and Muller

68
Q

Name the layers of the eyelid from skin inwards

A

Skin
Orbicularis
Orbital septum
Orbital fat
muscles of retraction - LPS /Muller
tarsus
conj

69
Q

What are the 3 parts of the orbicularis muscle

A

orbital preseptal and pretarsal

70
Q

___ punctum is located more medially

A

upper

71
Q

name the modified sebaceous glands in the eyelid margin

A

glands of zeis

72
Q

what are the apocrine sweat glands in the lid margin

A

glands of Moll

73
Q

name 2 accessory lacrimal glands and what they secrete

A

Krausse and Wolfring, aqueous

74
Q

WHat do goblet cells secrete

A

mucus

75
Q

what do Meibomian glands secrete

A

oil

76
Q

CN _ innvervates orbicularis oculi

A

CN VII

77
Q

Which part of the orbicularis oculi is under only voluntary control

A

orbital

78
Q

LPS orginates from ?

A

lesser wing of sphenoid

79
Q

Innervation of LPS

A

CN III

80
Q

Innervation of Mullers

A

sympathetic nervous sysstem

81
Q

conjuntiva is _____ _____ _______ epithelium

A

conjuntiva is non kratinized stratified squamous epithelium

82
Q

Eyelid vasculature is an anastamosis of ____ & _____ carotid arteries

A

external and internal

83
Q

Facial system blood supply arises from

A

external carotid artery

84
Q

orbital sysmte blood supply orignates from

A

internal carotid artery

85
Q

Name the 2 groups of lymphatics in the eyelids

A

medial and lateral groups

86
Q

Medial lymphatic vessels drain into

A

submandibular lymph nodes

87
Q

Lateral lymphatic vessels drain into

A

superficial preauricular lymph nodes

88
Q

Where is the lacrimal gland located

A

shallow depression in the orbital part of the frontal bone

89
Q

What are the 2 lobes of the lacrimal gland

A

palpebral and orbital

90
Q

Which lobe of the lacrimal gland is bigger

A

orbital

91
Q

What type of gland is the lacrimal gland

A

exocrine

92
Q

what are the 2 cell types of the lacrimal gland

A

glandular epithelial which line the lumen
myoepithelial which surround the parenchyma and covered by a basement membrae

93
Q

Lacrimal secretions contain immunoglobulin _?

A

immunoglobulin A

94
Q

Blood supply of lacrimal gland

A

Lacrimal arter - branch of ophthalmic artery

95
Q

Accessory lacrimal glands of Krause and WOlfring account for approx __ % of total lacrimal secretory mass

A

10%

96
Q

diameted of lacrimal puncta

A

0.3mm

97
Q

Distance of inferior punctum from inner canthus

A

6.5mm

98
Q

distance of superior punctume to inner canthus

A

6mm

99
Q

Persistent membrane over the ___ _ ___ is associated with tearing and discharge in NLDO

A

Persistent membrane over the valve of Hasner is associated with tearing and discharge in NLDO

100
Q

How are tears driven down the canalicular system with blinking

A

fibres of the tarsal orbic surround the canalicular system and lacrimal sac

101
Q

What are the 3 geographical zones of the conjunctiva

A

Palpebral (tarsal)
Forniceal
Bulbar

102
Q

Bulbar conj fuses with ____ as it inserts into limbus

A

Tenons capsule

103
Q

Blood supply of bulbar conj

A

anterioir ciliary artery

104
Q

Blood supply of palebral conj

A

marginal arcades of eyelids

105
Q

Innervation of conj

A

CN V

106
Q

conj consists of _______ _____ ____ epithelium

A

conj consists of non keratnized stratified squamous epithelium

107
Q

Thickness of conjunctival epithelium

A

2-5 cells

108
Q

Basal cells of conj epithelium are

A

cuboidal

109
Q

The tenon capsule fuses posteriorly with

A

optic nerve shealth

110
Q

tenon capsule fuses anteriorly with

A

intermuscular seputm which is 3mm behind the limbus

111
Q

where is the tenon capsule the thickest

A

equator of the blobe

112
Q

Muscles penetrate the tenon capsule __ mm posterior to their insertions

A

10mm

113
Q

medial periocular tissue drains into which lymphnodes?

A

submandibular

114
Q

lateral periocular tissue drains into which lymphnodes?

A

superficial periauricular

PART 1 (10 decks)

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