The Evolution of Microorganisms and Microbiology Flashcards
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specialized science that deals with the study of microorganisms
microbiology
organisms and acellular entities too small to be clearly seen by the unaided eye
microorganisms
Microorganisms can be <1 mm, some can be macroscopic
True or False
True
organisms that are relatively simple in their construction and lack highly differentiated cells and distinct tissues
Microorganisms
Microorganisms are ubiquitous
True or False
True
Microorganisms are the most populous and diverse group of organisms
True or False
True
Microorganisms are found everywhere on the planet
True or False
True
What are the positive impacts of microorganisms?
- play a major role in recycling essential materials
- source of nutrients and some carry out photosynthesis
- benefit society by their production of food, beverages, antibiotics, and vitamins
What are the negative impacts of microbiology?
- some cause disease in plants and animals
- cause food spoilage
- poisoning and intoxication
what are the cellular biological entities?
fungi
protists
bacteria
archaea
what are the acellular biological entities?
viruses
viroids
satellites
prions
ex. of fungi
yeasts
molds
ex. of protists
algae
protozoa
slime molds
ex. of bacteria
Escherichia coli
ex. of archaea
methanogens
viruses are composed of
protein and nucleic acid
viroids are composed of
RNA
satellites are composed of
nucleic acid and RNA
prions are composed of
protein
What are the types of microbial cells?
Prokaryotic and Eukaryotics cells
What is the difference bet Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells?
Prokaryotic lacks nucleus while Eukaryotic has nucleus.
What are the five kingdoms based on two cell types?
Monera
Protista
fungi
Animalia
Plantae
What is the only prokaryotic kingdom?
Monera
discovered 2 different group of prokaryotic organisms?
Carl Woese
What are the 3 domains based on the comparison of ribosomal genes?
bacteria (true bacteria)
archaea
eukarya (eukaryotes)
bacteria is usually single celled. (t or f)
true
bacteria has cell wall with peptidoglycan (t or f)
true
bacteria has nucleus (t or f)
false
some bacterias can cause diseases (t or f)
true
cyanobacteria produce oxygen (t or f)
True
bacterias are not ubiquitous and cannot live in extreme environments (t or f)
false
distinguished from bacteria by unique rRNA gene sequences
domain archaea
archaea lack peptidoglycan in cell walls (t or f)
true
archae have unique membrane lipids (t or f)
true
archaea have unusual metabolic characteristics (t or f)
true
archaea can also live in extreme environments (t or f)
true
archaea can cause diseases (t or f)
false
generally unicellular but larger than bacteria and archaea
protists
photosynthetic
algae
may be motile, “hunters, grazers”
protozoa
two life cycle stages
slime molds
devastating disease in plants
water molds
yeast
unicellular
mold
multicellular
smallest of all microbes that requires host to relicate and can cause diseases such as cancers
viruses
infectious agents composed of RNA
viroids and virusoids
composed of nucleic acid enclosed in a protein shell
satellites
coinfect a host cell with a helper virus to complete their life cycle
satellites
infectious proteins
prions
