The European union and its sources

Question 1

What are the different sources of EU law?

Answer 1

1. Treaties (primary legislation)
2. Regulations (secondary legislation)
3. Directives (secondary legislation)

Question 2

What is meant by a treaty?

Answer 2

-highest form of EU law
-lay down aims, rights + obligations
-heads of state sign +directly applic.

Question 3

Which cases go with treaties?

Answer 3

Van Gend en Loos (1963)- courts can rely on treaties
Macarthys v Smith (1979)- equal pay- horizontal effect.

Question 4

What is a regulation?

Answer 4

-specific in their wording and become law automatically
-commission suggests + parliament confirms

Question 5

Which cases go with regulations?

Answer 5

Leonesio v Italian Ministry of Agriculture (1973)- italy ignoring over production subsidies.

Question 6

What is a directive?

Answer 6

-unspecific + not directly applicable
-tend to indicate objectives
-UK did pass acts of parliament to do this.

This no longer applies to the uk!

ONLY APPLIES VERTICALLY

Question 7

Which cases go with directives?

Answer 7

R (The Mayor and Citizensof Westminster City Council) vThe Mayor of London (2002)- DIRECTIVES A RIGHT FOR CITIZENS