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Locomotor > The Equine Foot > Flashcards

The Equine Foot Flashcards

1
Q

physical exam of the foot

A

Hoof testers / Palpation
Percussion
Response to local analgesia

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2
Q

imaging of the foot

A

radiographs
CT
MRI

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3
Q

Bone and soft tissues inside thick hoof capsule

A

Dorsal DIP joint capsule
DIP joint collateral ligaments
Collateral cartilages
(Distal recess DFTS + DDFT)

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4
Q

Nail prick - define

A

Nail driven trough the sensitive laminae

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5
Q

Nail bind - define

A

Nail driven too close to sensitive laminae

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6
Q

Septic Pedal Osteitis - treatment

A

curattage

wound care

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7
Q

hoof cracks

A

Disruption of hoof wall parallel to horn tubules + lamellae

Can extend into sensitive laminae

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8
Q

hoof cracks - aetiology

A

Poor horn quality
Thin hoof wall
Abnormal hoof angles

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9
Q

hoof cracks - treatment

A

various methods of closing the crack e.g. wires/plates

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10
Q

Hoof Wall Avulsions - define

A

Damage to coronary band

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11
Q

Hoof Wall Avulsions - effect

A

Permanently disturbed growth

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12
Q

keratoma - define

A

Columnar thickening of hoof horn extending towards inside of hoof

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13
Q

keratoma - aetiology

A

Mechanical irritation

Hoof abscess

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14
Q

keratoma - effect

A

Increased local pressure

Typical lysis distal phalanx

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15
Q

Thrush

A

Infection leading to necrotic processes in frog area

Usually limited to lateral & medial sulci of the frog

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16
Q

Canker

A

Mixed bacterial infection in deeper tissue layers of the
entire frog and heel leads to disintegration intertubular
horn

17
Q

Canker - predisposing environment

A

Warm, humid

18
Q

Canket - clinical signs

A

Cheesy white pus, pungent odour, tendency to bleed

19
Q

white line disease

A

Deterioration of white line of hoof capsule
loss of bond between hoof wall and sole
Poor quality horn gets colonised by different bacteria and funghi
Warm, humid environment

20
Q

white line disease - treatment

A

Meticulous daily hoof care
Stall hygiene
Debridement of all necrotic + diseased horn
Disinfect area
Sensitive lamina - Protective bandage
Sulci - Hardening solutions - Formalin + Alternatives

21
Q

Hoof Abscesses

A

Various clinical signs
Shod and unshod horses
Infection on area of sensitive lamina after bacterial penetration
fairly common

22
Q

Quittor

A

Infection collateral cartilage

23
Q

Bipartite Navicular Bones

A

Congenital anomaly

24
Q

Bipartite Navicular Bones - effects

A

Important DD to fractures (usually lamer)

Can result in chronic lameness & DIP joint OA

25
Q

what is the Navicular Syndrome

A

palmer heel pain

26
Q

Navicular Syndrome - structures involved

A 
Navicular bone 
Navicular bursa 
Deep digital flexor tendon 
DIP joint 
Collateral ligaments DIP joint
27
Q

Navicular Syndrome - clinical presentation

A 
1/3 of all chronic forelimb lameness 
6-12 year old horses, taller, lighter breeds 
Usually bilateral 
Insidious onset 
Occasionally “toe first” gait
28
Q

Navicular Syndrome - diagnosis

A 
Hx
Toe elevation may increase lameness 
Hoof testers - usually -ve
\+ve response to PDNB
Radiography 
Advanced Imaging - MRI, CT, Nuclear scintigraphy, Ultrasonography
29
Q

points to block in the foot

A

coffin joint
DFTS
navicular bursa

30
Q

different approach techniques to distal interphalangeal blocks

A

Dorsal Midline Approach
Approach Lateral / Medial to Extensor Tendon
Palmar / Plantar Approach

31
Q

different approach techniques to navicular bursa blocks

A

Midline – Navicular Position Horizontal Approach
Midline – Navicular Position 30°Oblique Approach
Lateral Palmar / Plantar Approach

32
Q

Osseous cyst-like lesions

A

Midline
P3: Near collateral ligament
Verify significance
also in navilcular bone + middle phalanx

33
Q

Osseous cyst-like lesions - treatment

A

Arthroscopy
Drilling (Forage)
Medication DIP Joint

34
Q

DIP Joint Osteoarthritis - Treatment

A

Intraarticular Medication - Sodium hyaluronate, Corticosteroids, Il-1 receptor antagonist protein, (PSGAG)
Prolonged use of NSAIDs
Corrective farriery

35
Q

Pedal Osteitis

A

Repetitive concussion leads to chronic infl of laminae

bone resorption

Locomotor (7 decks)

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