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Locomotor > Bovine, ovine and porcine lameness > Flashcards

Bovine, ovine and porcine lameness Flashcards

1
Q

most common foot problems seen

A 
ulcers
white line disease
toe necrosis
interdigital hyperplasia
digital dermatitis
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2
Q

percentage of problems - hind vs front feet

A

92% hind

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3
Q

score 0

A

walks with even weight bearing + rhythm

long fluid strides

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4
Q

score 1

A

steps uneven/steps shortened

affected limb/s not immediately identifiable

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5
Q

score 2

A

uneven weight bearing on a limb that’s immediately identifiable
+/- obviously shorted strides

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6
Q

score 3

A

unable to walk as fast as brisk human pace

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7
Q

5 steps of hoof trimming

A 
Create a foot angle of 52 degrees 
balance between claws 
Transfer weight from sole onto the wall, toe and heel 
Remove weight from a painful claw 
Remove loose or sharp horn
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8
Q

sole ulcer (SU)- treatment

A 
5 step trim
Antibacterial treatment 
NSAIDs 
Nursing and clean yard 
Promote wound healing
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9
Q

sole ulcer - prognosis

A

generally ok
recurrence next lactation possible
reduced fertility + lifespan in herd; milk
should recover in several weeks

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10
Q

Acidosis does not appear to directly cause…

A

claw horn lesions

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11
Q

Most claw horn disease stems from…

A

environmental conditions

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12
Q

biotin effects

A

may improve claw horn quality + reduce white line lesions

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13
Q

Pathogenesis of sole ulcers

A

infl in a closed space - causes swelling + pressure

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14
Q

Effective herd interventions - SU

A

Increased straw bedding

incr heifer comfort

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15
Q

white line - treatment

A 
Drain pus 
Pare out to allow good drainage 
Cut away dead horn 
Apply a block 
NSAIDs especially if localised swelling of corium 
Apply antibacterial product
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16
Q

white line - prognosis

A

good unless infected with Treponemes

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17
Q

white line - presentation

A

Diseased horn affecting the junction between the sole and wall
bruising (haemorrhage), separation (fissure), abscessation and ulceration

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18
Q

white line - pathogenesis

A 
Poor horn quality? 
Wet conditions? 
Stones? 
PIII descent? 
Loss of BCS? 
Thin soles? 
Turns?
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19
Q

white line - effective interventions

A

Biotin

Feeding hay

20
Q

digital dermatitis (DD) treatment - M1

A

clean, dry , topical oxytetracycline spray

3 consecutive days

21
Q

digital dermatitis (DD) treatment - M2

A

as M1 + debride with gauze/paper towel and consider bandaging with antibacterial agent

22
Q

digital dermatitis (DD) treatment - M3

A

as M1

23
Q

digital dermatitis (DD) treatment - M4

A

clean, debride/debulk (under local as necessary), bandage with antibacterial agent

24
Q

Effective herd interventions - DD

A

Footbathing
Slurry management
(Biosecurity)

25
Q

Foul

A

acute bacterial infection of the subcutaneous tissues
characterised by symmetrical swelling, separation of the
claws and interdigital skin necrosis yielding a pungent
odour
Often associated with foreign bodies or sand between the
claws

26
Q

super-foul

A

severe, peracute form, possibly involving mixed bacterial

infections

27
Q

foul - treatment

A

Clean/debride interdigital space
Disinfect
Licensed injectable antibiotic

28
Q

Corkscrew claw

A

Bony swelling deep to abaxial coronary band is diagnostic

don’t confuse with gross claw overgrowth

29
Q

Corkscrew claw - treatment

A

Reshape foot as best as possible

30
Q

Claw amputation - method

A 
Parenteral antibiotics, NSAIDs & IVRA 
Incise into interdigital space
Embryotomy wire 
Curette + remove any excess tissue 
Melolin + pressure dressing 
Redress
block on unaffected digit
31
Q

Arthritis in piglets - aetiology

A

Rarer in outdoor pigs
Sporadic opportunist infection in individuals
group outbreaks

32
Q

Arthritis in piglets - presentation

A

2d-weaning
Can’t stand; dog sitting
Enlarged joints
Death – starved, laid upon

33
Q

Arthritis in piglets - diagnosis

A

Bacteriology – from discharge or PM material

34
Q

Arthritis in piglets - treatment

A 
Penicillin 
Ampicillin 
Lincomycin 
Ketoprofen 
Euthanasia if no response
35
Q

lameness in growers

A 
Injury – fractures
Osteochondrosis dessicans 
Pantothenic acid def. (rare) 
Ionophore toxicity (rare) 
Infectious
36
Q

lameness in adults - physical

A 
Cartilaginous pathology (osteochondrosis, osteochondritis, dyschondroplasia or degenerative joint disease (DJD)) 
Bony pathology leading to weakness and fracture
37
Q

lameness in adults - infectious arthritis

A

Erysipelas

Mycoplasma spp

38
Q

lameness in adults - septic laminitis

A

bush foot due to bacterial infection. Treat lincomycin and NSAIDs

39
Q

main 6 sheep lesions

A 
scold
foot rot
contagious dermatitis
shelly hoof
foot abscess
toe granuloma
40
Q

Footrot control

A

early treatment with parenteral antibiotics + topical spray, with no foot trimming
separate sheep lame with foot rot/scald
Routine foot trimming - often uneeded

41
Q

The risk of scald progressing to footrot is determined by…

A

Whether D.nodosus is on the farm
The virulence and dose of the D.nodosus
The susceptibility of the sheep
Whether the sheep is treated promptly before separation of the hoof horn occurs

42
Q

Dichelobacter nodosus

A

Present on >90% UK sheep farms
Lives for up to 7-10 days on pasture
Lives up to 6 weeks in hoof clippings
Infected sheep are the main reservoir

43
Q

Treatment of footrot

A 
Oxytetracycline spray a clean foot 
Long acting parenteral antibiotic - Oxytetracycline, Amoxicillin 
Allow sheep to stand on clean concrete 
Clean up the area 
Ideally isolate the sheep 14 days
44
Q

footrot - prognosis

A

90% recover in 5 days

If recovered after 14 days, return to flock; If not then retreat

45
Q

treatment of scold

A

Ewes – as footrot

Lambs –Oxytetracycline spray, stand in clean area, re-spray 5 days if necessary

46
Q

Footvax protocol

A 
Vaccinate before high risk periods
Primary=twice, 6wks apart 
Boost 6 monthly 
Include all sheep 
Care-risk with self-injection
47
Q

Contagious ovine digital dermtaitis (CODD)

A

Same Treponemes as bovine digital dermatitis

Use Tilmicosin

Locomotor (7 decks)

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