Osteomyelitis and Osteosarcoma

Question 1

common causes

Answer 1

Developmental
Endocrine/Metabolic
Infectious
Neoplastic

Question 2

Osteomyelitis - define

Answer 2

infection of the cortical bone and medullary cavity

Question 3

Osteitis - define

Answer 3

infl of the cortex without involvement of the red or yellow bone marrow
septic or aseptic

Question 4

Acute Presentation

Answer 4

Large or small animal
Single limb lameness rapid onset short duration
Often history of a laceration or surgery

Question 5

Acute Presentation - clinical exam

Answer 5

Heat, pain, swelling on palpation of bones
Joint structures may be normal
Febrile

Question 6

chronic presentation

Answer 6

Large or small animal
Moderate? Intermittent? lameness of days/weeks duration
Often history of a laceration or surgery

Question 7

chronic presentation - clinical exam

Answer 7

Possible heat, pain, swelling on palpation of bones
Joint structures may be normal
Pain, discharge, sinus tract formation
Pathological fracture

Question 8

diagnosis of bone diseases

Answer 8

Radiography
Culture and sensitivity
Biopsy
Radionuclide scan

Question 9

Osteomyelitis - Treatment

Answer 9

Early intervention with broad spectrum antibiotics
Consider local delivery
Surgical debridement, immobilisation, lavage
Rehabilitation of entire limb

Question 10

bone biopsy techniques + areas to sample

Answer 10

Jamshidi needle or Michelle trephine
Through the centre of lesion
Sample both cortex and medulla
Mulitple samples 
Cytology and Culture

Question 11

Osteosarcoma Treatment

Answer 11

Amputation (4 months)
Amputation and Chemotherapy (12-14 months)
Limb sparing and Chemotherapy (12-14 months)
Radiotherapy (palliative only)
NSAIDs/Bisphosphonates (palliative only)
Euthanasia