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Building an Organism > The epidermis > Flashcards

The epidermis Flashcards

1
Q

What is the epidermis?

A

The one cell thick layer around the organs of the plant (the skin)

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2
Q

What are the three cell types of the epidermis?

A
  1. Pavement cells
  2. Stomatal guard cells
  3. Trichomes
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3
Q

What are the cell types of the root epidermis?

A

Hair cells and non-hair cells

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4
Q

What three types of trichome mutants can you look at to find out about WT gene function?

A

Trichomes mutant in

  1. Number
  2. Distrubution
  3. Morphology
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5
Q

How many genes have been linked to trichome development?

A

25

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6
Q

What two mutants have no trichromes?

A

GLABRA1 and TTG1

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7
Q

What does the WT GL1 gene encode?

A

A transcription factor

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8
Q

What does TTG1 encode?

A

a protein that binds to GL1 and activates it

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9
Q

What is the phenotype of the mutant in GLABRA3?

A

Fewer trichomes than the WT

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10
Q

What does GL3 gene encode?

A

A transcription factor that forms a protein complex with the GL1 transcription factor and the TTG1 protein

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11
Q

What is the function of of the GL1/GL3/TTG1 complex?

A

It regulates genes involved in trichome development

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12
Q

What kind of pathway is the GL1/3/TTG1 complex involved in?

A

A positive regulatory pathway as it PROMOTES trichome development

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13
Q

Why are trichomes evenly distrubuted if its a random process?

A

They cell that turns into a trichome produces a negative signal to the cells around it to stop them becoming trichomes

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14
Q

How could you find genes that are involved in the spatial distrubutuion of trichomes?

A

Look for mutants with clusters of trichomes where the gene is obviously defective

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15
Q

What two mutants have clusters of trichome and therefore are defective the genes that allow the trichome producing cell to give off negative signals to the cell around it?

A

Triptycon and caprice

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16
Q

What are the wildtype triptycon (TRY) and caprice (CPC)

A

Transcription factors that are involved in a negative regulatory pathway

17
Q

What is the phenotype of mutants overexpressing TRY and CPC?

A

No trichomes

18
Q

What is the phenotype of a dis (distored) mutant?

A

Normal number and spacing of trichome but have a deformed morphology

19
Q

What is the phenotype of a mutant in GL1 and DIS1?

A

No trichomes

20
Q

What does the fact a GL1/DIS1 double mutant shows no trichomes instead of deformed morphology of show?

A

That gl1 is epistatic to dis1 (it predominates)

21
Q

What does the GL1/DIS1 mutant tell you about the pathway in which the genes are expressed?

A

That GL1 must be expressed upstream of DIS1 so therefore cell commitment to making trichome comes before their morphology

22
Q

What are Arp2/3 proteins required for/

A

Normal actin filament production

23
Q

What is the phenotype of the too many mouth mutants (tmm)

A

Clusters of stomata

24
Q

What does the tmm mutants tell you about the function of the WT gene?

A

It is involved in spatial distrubutuion of the stomata

25
Q

What is it about the tmm mutants that tells you that trichome and stomatal development are not linked?

A

The tmm mutants has too many stomata but normal spacing of trichomes so you can see they are controlled independently

26
Q

What is different about the formation of root hairs are compared to trichomes and stomata?

A

Whether a root hair forms ins position dependent

27
Q

What decides where a root hair forms?

A

The cell that is in the junction between two cortical cells will become a root hair cell

28
Q

What is ectopic root hair production?

A

When cells that were not supposed to become hair cells become them

29
Q

What can the weerwolf mutant tell you about the WT function of the gene?

A

It is involved in specifying non-hair cell fate rather than specifying hair cell fate

30
Q

Apart from wer1 what other mutant shows ectopic root hair formation?

A

TTG1 (involved in trichome commitment)

31
Q

How do wer1 and ttg1 function together to specify non-hair cell fate?

A

They repress the action of adjacent cells to stay as a non-hair cells and causes it to be a hair cell

Building an Organism (11 decks)

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