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Building an Organism > The Cytoskeleton > Flashcards

The Cytoskeleton Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 components of the cytoskeleton?

A

Actin filaments, microtubules, actin microfilaments and intermediate filaments

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2
Q

What are the dimers that make up the microtubule?

A

Dimers of alpha and beta tubulin

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3
Q

What do alpha and beta tubulin both bind?

A

GTP (B tubulin can have its GTP hydrolysed to remove a phosphate and produce GDP)

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4
Q

What are lines of tubulin dimers called?

A

Protofilaments

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5
Q

How many protofilaments make up a microtubule?

A

13

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6
Q

What is the diameter of a microtubule?

A

24nm

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7
Q

What occurs at the positive end of the microtubule?

A

A and B tubulin both bound to GTP add at the positive end in polymerisation

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8
Q

What occurs at the negative end of the microtubule?

A

A and B tubulin bound to GDP is removed in depolymerisation

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9
Q

IF that GTP concentration is low what will happen to the microtubule?

A

It will shrink as no polymersation occurs but depolymersation still occurs

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10
Q

What is a microtubule organisning centre?

A

Where microtubules assemble

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11
Q

Give an example of a MTOC?

A

The centromere which contains two centrioles from which microtubules form the mitotic spindle in cell division

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12
Q

What happens to microtubules in low temperature?

A

Depolymeristion occurs at the microtubule shrinks

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13
Q

What happens to microtubules in high temperatures?

A

Polymerisation occurs at the microtubule grows

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14
Q

What two drugs can bind tubulin and prevent polymerisation?

A

Colchicine and Colemid

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15
Q

How are microtubules stability regulated?

A

Through microtubule associated proteins (MAPs)

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16
Q

What proteins are used to move cellular components along microtubule?

A

Kinesins and dyneins

17
Q

What way do kinesins drive along the microtubule?

A

Toward the positive end

18
Q

What way do dyenins drive along the microtubule?

A

Toward the negative end

19
Q

What drug binds to the posotive end of F-actin and prevent polymerisation?

A

Cytochalasin

20
Q

What is actin bound to when it is added to the positive end?

A

ATP

21
Q

What is actin bound to when it removed from the negative end?

A

ADP

22
Q

How long is an intermediate filament?

A

10nm

23
Q

What is the basic structure of an intermediate filament?

A

A nitrogen head, a carbon tail and a rod in the middle

24
Q

How do intermediate filaments assemble?

A

By mutlmerisation - make dimers that then combine to make tetramers

25
Q

Give an example of something whose shape is controlled solely by actin filaments?

A

Human ethythrocytes and microvilli

26
Q

How are microtubules involved in bicoid distrubutuon?

A

They move them into the oocyte via microtubules with kinesin motors

Building an Organism (11 decks)

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