The Enlightenment Flashcards
How did the Enlightenment secularize Europe?
Introduced critical examination of religion and reason over revelation. Authority from church turned to secular government and philosophy.
What is the Age of Reason vs Age of Faith?
Many philosophers still engaged with religious concepts, with rational understandings of faith not atheism. Reshaped faith not displaced.
What was the rise of modern ‘paganism?’
The revival of pre-Christian belief/practice, with a turn towards human experience and rationality. Not literal turn to paganism but redefining religious/moral concepts.
What was the emergence of religious Pluralism?
Growing acknowledgement of different faiths/diverse religious belief.
What conflict did the Enlightenment cause, post reform?
French wars of religion with an attempt to grant limited religious freedom. Thirty Years War leading to Treaty which would allow rulers to determine religion of own territory.
What three kingdoms was the War of 3 Kingdoms (caused by the Enlightenment also)?
England, Scotland, Ireland
What does William T Cavanaugh argue?
Wars need to be recognized as not result of solely religion, hence why Enlightenment is a valid cause.
What does Voltaire believe in regards to Enlightenment?
He opposes superstition and tyranny, emphasizing a rational approach to ethics and society.
What does Immanuel Kant believe in regards to Enlightenment?
Individuals should think for themselves. Necessary to acknowledge God, immorality and freedom, with respect to reason but knowing its limits.
What does John Locke believe in regards to Enlightenment?
Toleration to reasonableness of Christianity. Rational approach to faith, highlighting conservative aspects at play.
How to sum up Enlightenment?
Did not erase faith, but redefined it. An inclusive understanding of spirituality.
