Catholic Counter Reformation Flashcards
What did Protestants do upon attempts of counter reform?
They carried out missionary activities to convert Catholics, emphasized bible reading with emphasis on education and literacy and implemented theological principles into civil law when possible.
What important council did Catholics create to counter protestant efforts and what did it do?
The Council of Trent. The church sought to address their corruption, clarify doctrine and reinforce traditional Catholicism.
How did Catholics reaffirm the authority of the Pope?
By addressing the abuse within the Church that was criticized by reformers.
Who founded the Jesuits and when?
Ignatius of Loyola in 1534
What was the Jesuits goal?
To defend Catholic faith through dedication to education and missionary work.
What did the Jesuits achieve?
They established schools, engaged in missionaries to convert non-Christians and reclaim protestant territories
What countries were home to Catholic monarchs during the counter revolution?
Spain and France campaign against Protestantism (aligned political/military strategy with religious goals
What did Europe’s heightened religious tension cause?
Public debate, pamphlets, sermons inciting hatred and increased sectarian tension
What public displays of faith were carried out?
Festivals, rituals and ceremonies intensified emotional stakes, leading to religious war (Thirty Years War, French Wars of Religion).
What is confessionalization?
Where Protestant and Catholic communities became more organized and distinct within their beliefs and practices
What are confessional identities?
The specific religious identity adopted based on adherence to a particular confession. (e.g, Lutheranism, Calvinism, Catholicism).
What did the Catholic Church do to try and retain their influence?
By addressing their own corruption Protestant reformers used as ammunition. They needed to reaffirm doctrines.
How did internal church corruption influence counter revolution?
Criticism of the sale of indulgences and immorality of the clergy prompted need for reform. (This renewal would be essential in restoring church credibility)
How did Jesuits benefit education after the counter revolution?
Establishment of schools and uni’s promoting catholic teaching, missionary work and defending Catholic doctrine. More educated clergy and laity as a result.
What did the counter reformation do long term?
Solidified Catholicism as a major branch of Christianity
