The English Civil War Flashcards
When did king James die and who was his successor
- King Charles 1st
What is the divine right of kings
The king rules alone and was chosen by god.
There is no higher power than the king therefore he couldn’t be held accountable for their actions.
What’s a civil war
A war between 1 country
What did parliament and Charles fall out over and how did it start the war?
Power and religion. Parliament wanted some of Charles power and in return would give him money. Charles refused as he believed in divine right of kings. Parliament was puritan and was becoming concerned that Charles was becoming Catholic.
How exactly did religion start it
Many MPs in Charles parliament were puritans.
Puritans worried that king charles was becoming a Roman Catholic. As Charles married Henrietta Maria who was Catholic and parliament believed that she was persuading him to convert to Catholicism.
What’s a puritan
Very strict protestant
What are some differences between the RC church and Church of England?
The RC church has services in Latin. Church of England is in English. RC is run by the pope. Church of England is run by king/queen. RC has music and singing. Church of England only has music. RC priests can’t marry. You can marry in Church of England. RC have cardinals.
Differences between Church of England and puritan
•Puritan church doesn’t have music, church of England does.
• Purican church is plain.
• Church of England is decorated.
• Puritan church is run by a committee of clergymen to govern the church.
• church ot england is run by king queen
-church of england is dressed fancy
•Puritans dress plain
What churches are most similar
RC and Church of England
How did Scottish people start the civil war?
In 1638 Scottish puritans rebelled against Charles when he made their church look Roman Catholic. Charles asked parliament for money to fight and parliament demanded power. Charles refused and in 1642 a civil war started.
What would Charles and parliament say about the churches becoming more Roman Catholic?
Charles- I made the adjustments to show that we are a rich country. We are still Protestant and always will be. I’m all powerful.
Parliament- it’s becoming too RC and needs to be reverted back to its original state.we should rule as we have the people’s interests at heart
Which church supported the king?
Church of England.
Which church supported parliament?
Puritan.
Who did these places support?
A- towns
B- countryside
A- parliament (Roundheads)
B- royalist (cavaliers)
Who were parliaments leaders
Oliver Cromwell and Thomas Fairfax.
Who also supported King Charles
Prince Rupert
What was the name given to King Charles army
Royalists (cavaliers)
What was the name given to parliaments army
Parliamentarians (Roundheads)
What was the first battle?
Battle of edge hill. It was a draw
What’s the NMA ,when was it set up , tell me about it
New model army. (Basically new perfect/professional army)
1645. They wore red as it was the cheapest colour to make. Foot soldiers(infantry) were paid 8 pence and cavalry paid 2 shillings.
They were trained to use muskets, spears and pikes. 22,000 men. To get promoted you had to show that you were exceptionally good at the job.
The NMA had better training.
NMA advantages
Should be committed.
Should be well trained and able to win a battle.
Who won the battle of Naseby?
Parliament won.
Some parts were fought well and some not so much. The cavalry fought well but the infantry had problems with their weapons.
What are some factors that made King Charles lose?
Few allies. Most of his best fighters were killed during the battle. He ran out of money. Prince Rupert was a poor decision maker.
What are some factors that made parliament win?
They had the Scottish army’s support. The NMA was a huge advantage. Cromwell was a very skilful army general. They controlled wealthy parts of the country so they had plenty of money to fund it.
Tell me about the kings execution
Parliament beheaded King Charles on 30th January 1649. England became a republic country. Parliament now governed England and Cromwell became lord protector.
What was the decisive battle
The battle of naseby.
What’s a lord protector?
Regent in charge of a kingdom when there’s no king or queen. Cromwell became this after Charles was executed
Reasons Charles lost
Support/military/financial
Parliament had more supporters. NMA had better training. Charles ran out of money. Parliament controlled all the money. Parliament controlled major towns like London.
Reasons for the civil war?
Economic/ religious/ political
-Charles only came to parliament for money as he wanted all the money while parliament wanted power as they already controlled all the money.
-Charles started to make the church of England more RC and he married a catholic so everyone thought she was influencing him.
-The king believed he was the only one in charge with power- while parliament wanted more shared power.
