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FNS121 > The Endocrins System, The Lymphatic System And The Nervous System > Flashcards

The Endocrins System, The Lymphatic System And The Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

Neurology

A

The nervous system

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2
Q

Characteristic of the Central Nervous system

A

Consists of the brain and the spinal cord
Brain is the largest and most complex portion
Brain stem connects the brain and the spinal cord

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3
Q

What is the brain also known as

A

Encephalon

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4
Q

What are the divisions of the brain?

A

Cerebrum largest part of the brain
Cerebellum- posterior, smaller portion of the brain. Posterior and inferior to the cerebrum
Brain stem- composed of the midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata. All attach the brain to the spinal cord.

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5
Q

Divisions of the brain

A

Ventricles - for cavities filled with cerebrospinal fluid.
Meninges- composed of three layers
-dura mater- outmost layer
-arachnoid mater - middle layer
-pia mater- innermost layer
Cerebrospinal fluid- completely surrounds brain and spinal cord.

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6
Q

Spinal cord

A

Two functions
Center for spinal reflexes
Sends nerve impulses to and from the brain
Has 31 segment and each gives rise to a pair of spinal nerves

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7
Q

Peripheral Nervous System

A

Consists of the nerves that branch from the CNS
Cranial Nerves
Spinal Nerves

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8
Q

Endocrine glands

A

Secrete substances into the internal environment i.e. hormones secreted into the blood stream

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9
Q

Exocrine glands

A

Substances secreted externally, i.e sweat released to the surface of the skin

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10
Q

Paracrine glands

A

Substances secreted into surrounding cells and act as “messengers” to stimulate the activity of those cells.

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11
Q

Nervous system

A

Neurology

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12
Q

CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM (CNS)

A

includes the brain (or encephalon) and the spinal cord.

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13
Q

brain is the largest and most complex part.

A

is the largest and most complex part.

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14
Q

The brain has 3 part

A

the cerebrum (largest part; “gray matter”), the cerebellum (posterior, inferior to the cerebrum, smaller portion), and the brain stem (comprised of—from top to bottom

the midbrain, the pons, and the medulla oblongata).

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15
Q

midbrain

A

the pons, and the medulla oblongata)

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16
Q

brainstem

A

connects the brain and the spinal cord.

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17
Q

cranial nerves

A

12

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18
Q

brain

A

purge is creamy, white and/or pink when tinged with blood.

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19
Q

brain has spaces

A

called ventricles

20
Q

ventricles

A

that are filled with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

21
Q

1st and 2nd ventricles

A

in each cerebral hemisphere

22
Q

3rd ventricle

A

is anterior to the cerebellum.

23
Q

4th ventricle

A

is located at most inferior portion of the cerebellum.

24
Q

Meniges

A

cover the entire brain and brain stem. It is composed of three layers: the dura mater (most superficial layer, very “dura”ble or tough); the arachnoid mater (looks like a web, blood supply source); and the pia mater (similar to saran wrap, deepest layer).

25
Q

Sulci

A

plural of sulcus) are the lines in the gray matter of the brain.

26
Q

Gyri

A

plural of gyrus) or convolutions are the mounds or bumps of the gray matter.

27
Q

longitudinal fissure

A

separates the hemispheres of the brain.

28
Q

PEROPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM (PNS)

A

is comprised of all other nerves in the body.

29
Q

The lymphatic system

A

is strongly correlated to immunity—going all the way back to chapter three with lymphocytes (monocytes) being agranular and “eating” disease in the body. The system distributes white blood cells to fight infection.

30
Q

Lymph nodes/glands are located

A

CERVICAL: neck
o AXILLARY: under arms
o THORACIC: thoracic cage
o INGUINAL: Groin

31
Q

Organs of the lymphatic system include:

A

TONSILS (didn’t really discuss)
o SPLEEN: Largest organ of the lymphatic system; shaped like a tongue. Inferior/posterior to the stomach. Due to the amount of infection it holds, it could be toxic if it ruptures.
o THYMUS: This is where white blood cells originate (t-lymphocytes). Sits on top of the heart. The thymus is larger in infancy because infants have no exposure/immunity to anything. It is much smaller as you age/develop immunity.

32
Q

cistern chyli

A

is important to remember as the central location or the distribution center of the lymphatic system.

33
Q

General characteristics of the central nervous system

A

Consist of the brain and the spinal cord
Brain is the largest and most complex portion
Brainstem connects the brain and the spinal cord

34
Q

The brain is also known as

A

Encephalopathy

35
Q

Divisions of the brain

A

Cerebrum - largest part of the brain
Cerebellum- posterior and inferior to the cerebrum
Brain stem- composed of the midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata. All attach the brain to the spinal cord.

36
Q

Divisions of the brain (cont)

A

Ventricles- 4 cavities filled with cerebrospinal fluid
Meninges- composed of three layers
-dura mater- outermost layer
-arachnoid mater- middle layer
-pia mater - innermost layer
Cerebrospinal fluid- completely surrounds brain and spinal cord

37
Q

Divisions of the brain (con’t)

A

Spinal cord- two functions
Center for spinal reflexes
Sends nerve impulses to and from the brain
Has 31 segments and each gives rise to a pair of spinal nerves

38
Q

The peripheral nervous system

A

Consists of the nerves that branch from the CNS

Cranial nerves , spinal nerves

39
Q

Endocrine glands x

A

Secrete substances into the internal environment

Hormones secreted into the blood stream

40
Q

Experience glands

A

Substances secreted externally , sweat released to the surface of the skin.

41
Q

Paracrine glands

A

Substances secreted into surrounding cells an act as “messengers” to stimulate the activity of those cells.

42
Q

Location/ function of the endocrine glands

A

Pituitary- brain
Thyroid- throat
Parathyroids- throats
Suprarenals(adrenals)- superior to the kidneys
Gonads- reproductive organs
Pancreatic islet ( islets of langerhans)- pancreas

43
Q

The lymphatic system functions

A

Transportation of intersititual fluids

Fight infection

44
Q

Location of the lymphatic system

A

Lymph vessels
Cisterns chili
Thoracic duct
Right lymphatic duct

45
Q

Lymphatic system

A

Lymphatic structures
-Lymph nodes

Lymph organs

  • Tonsil
  • Spleen
  • Thymus

FNS121 (5 decks)

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