The Endocrine System

Question 1

Endocrinology

Answer 1

the study of hormones, their receptors and the intracellular signalling pathways they invoke

Question 2

Hormone

Answer 2

• chemical messenger released from endocrine glands into the interstitial fluid and released in one tissue and transported in the bloodstream (soluble in plasma or not) to reach specific cells in other tissues.
• produced by specific cells
• Each hormone has ‘target cells’, specific cells that respond to its presence
• Hormones alter the way a cell operates by changing the: types, quantities, or activities of important enzymes and structural proteins
• Reach target cell/organ(s)
• Alter metabolism of target cell

Question 3

Target Cells

Answer 3

possess the receptors needed to bind and ‘read’ the hormonal message

Question 4

Thyroid gland hormones

Answer 4

Thyroxine (T4)
Triodothyronine (T3)
Calcitonin (CT)

Question 5

Hypothalamus Hormones

Answer 5

Production of ADH, oxytocin, and regulatory hormones

Question 6

Pituitary Hormones

Answer 6

Anterior lob:
- ACTH, TSH, GH, PRL, FSH, LH and MSH
Posterior lobe:
- Release of oxytocin and ADH

Question 7

Parathyroid Glands Hormones

Answer 7

on posterior surface of thyroid gland
Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Question 8

Pancreatic Islets

Answer 8

Insulin
Glucagon

Question 9

Endocrine

Answer 9

relating to glands that put hormones and other products directly into the blood

Question 10

Principles of Endocrinology

Answer 10

• There are no cell types, organs or processes that are not influenced by hormone signaling
• All “large” physiologic effects are mediated by multiple hormones acting together:
• e.g., Normal growth from birth to adulthood, is dependent on growth hormone, BUT thyroid hormones, insulin-like growth factor-1, glucocorticoids and others are involved
• Many hormones known and others remain to be discovered

Question 11

Endocrine System- Response TIme

Answer 11

Response diffuse and
long-lasting

Question 12

Hormone classes

Answer 12

• Amino acid derivatives
• Peptide derivatives
• Fatty Acid Derivatives (Eicosanoids; Steroids)