The Endocrine System

Question 1

Hypothalamus main hormone and effect:

Answer 1

• CRF
• it stimulates and controls the releases of hormones from the pituitary gland.

Question 2

Pituitary gland main hormones and effect:

Answer 2

• ACTH (anterior)
• oxytocin (posterior)
• ACTH stimulates the adrenal cortex and the release of cortisol in stress response.
• oxytocin is responsible for uterus contractions during childbirth.

Question 3

Pineal gland main hormone and effect:

Answer 3

• Melatonin
• important in biological rhythms e.g circadian rhythm, sleep/wake cycle.

Question 4

Adrenal gland main hormones and effect:

Answer 4

• adrenaline and cortisol
• 1. fight or flight 2. Stimulates glucose release for energy.

Question 5

Ovaries main hormone and effect:

Answer 5

• Oestrogen
• controls female reproductive system, menstrual cycle and pregnancy.

Question 6

Testes main hormone and effect:

Answer 6

• testosterone
• development of male puberty and promotes muscle growth

Question 7

What is the endocrine system? (4 marks)

Answer 7

The endocrine system’s function is working alongside the nervous system to control vital functions in the body and the thyroid gland produces the hormone thyroxine, which increases heart rate, as well as metabolic rate which in turn affects growth rates.