The Endocrine System Flashcards
is the collection of glands that produce hormones that regulate metabolism and growth and development among other things.
endocrine system
It uses chemical messengers (hormones) that are released into the blood to manage chemical processes of the body.
endocrine system
The 3 Main Functions of the Endocrine System
- Makes hormones that control your moods, growth and development, metabolism, organs, and reproduction.
- Controls how your hormones are released.
- Sends those hormones into your bloodstream so they can travel to other body parts.
are organs which produces and releases hormones that perform a specific function.
glands
There are 2 types of glands in our body.
endocrine and exocrine glands
they are ductless glands and release the substances that they make (hormones) directly into the bloodstream.
endocrine glands
Examples of Endocrine Glands
Anterior Pituitary
Thyroid
Adrenals
Parathyroids
They are glands with ducts. The secretions are delivered into ducts and end up on the epithelial surface.
Exocrine glands
Examples of Exocrine Glands
Salivary and sweat glands
are chemical substances secreted by endocrine cells into the extracellular fluids that regulate the metabolic activity of other cells in the body.
Hormones
Examples of Hormones
Insulin
Estrogen
Progesterone
Prolactin
Testosterone
Classification of Hormones
- Amino-acid based hormones
- Steroids
are relatively small molecules derived from the amino acids tyrosine and tryptophan.
Amino acid-based Hormones
Examples of amino acid-derived hormones
epinephrine and norepinephrine.
Made from cholesterol
steroid hormones
Includes sex hormones made by Gonads and the hormones produced by the adrenal cortex
steroid hormones
any of a group of hormones that belong to the class of chemical compounds known as steroids; they are secreted by three “steroid glands”
steroid hormones
what are the three steroid glands
the adrenal cortex, testes, and ovariesMajor Processes that Hormones Control
Major Processes that Hormones Control
- Reproduction
- Growth and development
- Mobilization of body defenses
- Maintenance of homeostasis
- Regulation of metabolism (the process by which the body changes food and drink into energy.)
Glands
- Hypothalamus
- Pituitary Gland
- Pineal Gland
- Thyroid Gland
- Parathyroid
- Thymus Gland
- Adrenal Gland
- Pancreas
- Gonads
It is responsible for maintaining your body’s internal balance, which is known as homeostasis.
Hypothalamus
the hypothalamus works with the _______ to control hormone production.
pituitary gland
It is a pea-sized gland that hangs by a stalk from the hypothalamus in the brain.
pituitary gland
Also called the Master Gland
pituitary gland
two functional lobes of the pituitary gland
- Anterior Pituitary Gland
- Posterior Pituitary gland
primary function is to secrete and store the chemical messages known as hormones and to regulate other glands within the body’s endocrine system.
pituitary gland
produces hormones that affect the breasts, adrenals, thyroid, ovaries and testes, as well as several other hormones.
The Anterior (or front) pituitary
stimulates your adrenal glands.
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH, or corticotropin)
stimulates
a. the testes to produce sperm
b. ovaries to produce eggs and estrogen.
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
stimulates ovulation in women and testosterone production in men.
Luteinizing hormone (LH)
This hormone causes pregnant women to start having contractions at the appropriate time and also promotes milk flow in nursing mothers.
oxytocin
Commonly referred to as vasopressin, this hormone helps to regulate water balance in the body.
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
it is small, cone shaped gland that hangs from the roof of the third ventricle of the brain.
Pineal Gland
Secretes melatonin in substantial amounts. Melatonin is believed to trigger the body’s sleep/wake cycle.
Pineal gland
This gland is found at the base of the throat, just inferior to the Adam’s apple.
Thyroid Gland
It is a large gland consisting of two lobes joined by a central mass or isthmus
thyroid gland
the thyroid produces two hormones
thyroid hormone and calcitonin.
controls rate of oxidation of glucose to supply body heat and chemical energy (ATP).
thyroid
decreases blood calcium levels by causing calcium deposition on bone
Calcitonin
They are tiny masses on the posterior of the thyroid.
parathyroid
is most important regulator of calcium ion (Ca2+) homeostasis of the blood.
Parathyroid Hormone (PTH).
is a specialized primary lymphoid organ of the immune system.
thymus
This gland sits on top of the kidneys like triangular hats. It has 2 regions;
Adrenal gland
2 regions of the adrenal gland
adrenal cortex
adrenal medulla
produces hormones that are vital to life
adrenal cortex
two hormones produced by the adrenal cortex
cortisol and aldosterone
helps regulate metabolism and helps your body respond to stress
cortisol
helps control blood pressure
aldosterone
controls hormones that initiate the flight or fight response.
adrenal medulla
the main hormones secreted by the adrenal medulla include…
a. Epinephrine - affects heart
b. Norepinephrine - affects blood vessels
located close to the stomach in the abdominal cavity.
Pancreas
a mixed gland, with both endocrine and exocrine functions.
pancreas
the Pancreatic Islets or the Islets of Langerhans produce 2 hormones the __ and ___
Insulin and Glucagon.
These hormones are antagonists that maintain blood sugar homeostasis.
Insulin and Glucagon.
are your reproductive glands which produces sex hormones.
Gonads
Gonads in male and female
testes and ovaries
The major hormones of the ovaries are:
Estrogens
Progesterone
It is a group of female sex hormones essential for reproduction and the development of the female reproductive system.
Estrogen
Estrogens are responsible for :
- Maturation and Growth of the vagina and uterus,
- Widening of pelvis, breast
- Uterine changes during the menstrual cycle
- Increasing growth of hairs on the body.
– These are the hormones whose function is to:
Prepare the uterus for conception,
Regulating changes in the uterus during the Menstrual cycle,
Aids in ovulation
Stimulating gland development for the production of milk during pregnancy.
Progesterone
located underneath your penis.
-they’re enclosed in a pouch of skin called the scrotum.
testes
are responsible and essential for:
increased growth of bone and muscle,
growth of body hair,
developing broader shoulder,
voice deepening
growth of the penis.
Testosterone
