skeletal system Flashcards
what are the two subdivisions of the skeleton
Axial skeleton
Appendicular skeleton
What are the parts of the skeletal system(main)
Bones
Joints
Carilage
Ligaments
Two classifications of bone
Compact bone
Spongy Bone
Dense, Smooth, Homogeneous
Compact Bone
Small needle like pieces of bone.
Spongy Bone
The four classifications of bone, based on shape
Long
Flat
Short
Irregular
The shaft of the long bone is also known as?
The Diaphysis
The outside covering of the diaphysis
Periosteum
Secures the periosteum to an underlying bone
Peforating(sharpey’s Fiber)
Composed mostly of spongy bone enclosed by thin layer of compact bone
Epiphysis
Covers the external surface of the epiphyses
Articular Cartilage
Remnant of the epiphyseal plate
Epiphyseal line
Flat plate of hyaline cartilage seen
in young, growing bone that causes the lengthwise growth of a long
bone
Epiphyseal plate
Lines the inner surface of the shaft and made of connective tissue
Endosteum
is the cavity inside the shaft that contains yellow marrow in adults, and Contains red marrow for blood cell
formation in infants until age 6 or 7
Medullary cavity
Mature bone cells situated in bone
matrix
Osteocytes
Cavities in bone matrix that house
osteocytes
Lacunae
Concentric circles of lacunae situated around the central (Haversian) canal
Lamellae
Opening in the center of an osteon (Haversian system) that Runs lengthwise through bone and Carries blood vessels and nerves
Central Haversian Canal
A unit of bone containing central canal and matrix rings, and for Structural and functional unit of compact bone
Osteon(Haversian System)
Tiny canals that Radiate from the central canal to lacunae that Form a transport system connecting all bone cells to a
nutrient supply
Canaliculi
The Canal perpendicular to the central
canal and Carries blood vessels and nerves
Perforating(Volkmann’s) canal
Bony expansion carried on a
narrow neck
Head
Smooth, nearly flat articular surface
Facet
Rounded articular projection
Condyle
Armlike bar of bone
Ramus (ra’mus)
Furrow
Groove
Narrow, slitlike opening
Fissure
Round or oval opening through a bone
Indentation at the edge of a structure
Foramen
Canal- or tunnel-like passageway
meatus
Cavity within a bone, filled with air and
lined with mucous membrane
Sinus
Shallow, basinlike depression in a bone, often serving as an articular surface
Fossa
Any bony prominence
Process
Sharp, slender, often pointed projection
Spine
Raised area on or above a condyle
Epicondyle
Small, rounded projection or process
Tubercle
Narrow ridge of bone;
less prominent than a crest
Line
Very large, blunt, irregularly shaped process (the only examples are on the femur)
trochanter
Narrow ridge of bone; usually prominent
crest
Categories of bone markings
Projections or processes and Depressions cavities
grow out from the bone surface
Terms often begin with “T”
Projections
- indentations
- Terms often begin with “F”
depressions
Sites of attachments for muscles, tendons, and ligaments
- Passages for nerves and blood vessels
Bone Markings
give the layers of the bone from superficial to deep
periosteal blood vessel
periosteum
perforating(sharpey’s) fiber
compact bone
osteon
lamellae
central(haversian) canal
blood vessel
central(volksmann’s) canal
spongy bone
epiphyseal line
medullary cavity
yellow bone marrow
spongy bone is Composed of small, needlelike pieces of bone called
trabeculae
