Reproductive System Flashcards
primary sex organs
Gonads
Give the gonads of both male and female
Testes in males
Ovaries in females
the purpose of gonads
Gonads produce gametes (sex cells) and secrete hormones
Sperm—male gametes
Ova (eggs)—female gametes
Anatomy of the Male Reproductive System
Testes
Duct systems
Accessory Glands
External Genitalia
parts of the Duct system in male
Epididymis
Ductus (vas) deferens
Urethra
parts of the Accessory organs in male
Seminal glands (vesicles)
Prostate
Bulbourethral glands
Coverings of the testes
Tunica albuginea
Septa
capsule that surrounds each testis
Tunica albuginea
extensions of the capsule that extend into the testis and divide it into lobules
Septa
Each lobule contains _______ seminiferous tubules
one to four
The duct system transports sperm from the body and includes:
Epididymis
Ductus deferens
Urethra
Found along the posterior lateral side of the testis
Epididymis
The Epididymis is a highly convoluted tube with a length of _____ long
6 m (20 ft)
Temporary storage site for immature sperm
Epididymis
Path of the semen
Seminiferous tubule-Rete testis-Epididymis-Vas Deferens
Runs from the epididymis via the spermatic cord through the inguinal canal and arches over the urinary bladder
Ductus (vas) deferens
end of the ductus deferens, which empties into the ejaculatory duct
Ampulla
passes through the prostate to merge with the urethra
Ejaculatory duct
smooth muscle in the walls of the ductus deferens create peristaltic waves to squeeze sperm forward
Ejaculation
cutting of the ductus deferens at the level of the testes prevents transportation of sperm (form of birth control)
Vasectomy
Extends from the base of the urinary bladder to the tip of the penis
Carries both urine and sperm
Sperm enters from the ejaculatory duct
Urethra
enumerate the three Urethra regions
Prostatic urethra
Membranous urethra
Spongy (penile) urethra
surrounded by prostate gland
Prostatic urethra
prostatic urethra to penis
Membranous urethra
runs the length of the penis to the external urethral orifice
Spongy (penile) urethra
Located at the base of the bladder
Produce a thick, yellowish secretion (60% of semen)
Seminal vesicles
Encircles the upper (prostatic) part of the urethra
Prostate
Secretes a milky fluid
Prostate
Pea-sized glands inferior to the prostate
Produce a thick, clear mucus
Bulbourethral glands
Milky white mixture of sperm and accessory gland secretions
Semen
Divided sac of skin outside the abdomen that houses the testes
Viable sperm cannot be produced at normal body temperature
Maintains testes at 3°C lower than normal body temperature
Scrotum
Male organ of copulation that delivers sperm into the female reproductive tract
Penis
Regions of the penis
Shaft
Glans penis (enlarged tip)
Prepuce (foreskin)
it is also known as Sperm production and begins at puberty and continues throughout life
Millions of sperm are made every day
Spermatogenesis
Anatomy of the Female Reproductive System
Ovaries
Duct system
external genitalia
Produce eggs (ova) and hormones (estrogen and progesterone)
Ovaries
Each ovary houses ovarian follicles consisting of:
Oocyte (immature egg)
Follicle cells—layers of different cells that surround the oocyte
contains an immature oocyte
Primary follicle
growing follicle with a maturing oocyte
Vesicular (Graafian) follicle
the follicle ruptures when the egg is mature and ready to be ejected from the ovary; occurs about every 28 days
Ovulation
Suspensory ligaments secure the ovaries to the lateral walls of the pelvis
Ovary Support
Form the initial part of the duct system
Receive the ovulated oocyte from the ovaries
Provide a site for fertilization
Empty into the uterus
Little or no contact between ovaries and uterine tubes
Supported and enclosed by the broad ligament
Uterine (fallopian) tubes (continued)
also known as the Uterine (fallopian) tube structure
- Infundibulum
Fingerlike projections of the infundibulum
Fimbriae
Situated between the urinary bladder and rectum
Size and shape of a pear, in a woman who has never been pregnant
Receives, retains, nourishes a fertilized eggBol
Uterus
Broad ligament suspends the uterus in the pelvis
Round ligament anchors the uterus anteriorly
Uterosacral ligament anchors the uterus posteriorly
Uterine support
Regions of the uterus
Body
Fundus
Cervix
Layers of the uterus
Endometrium
Myometrium
Perimetrium
main portion of the uterus
body
superior rounded region above where uterine tube enters of the uterus
Fundus
narrow outlet that protrudes into the vagina
Cervix
Layer of the uterus that:
Inner layer (mucosa)
Site of implantation of a fertilized egg
Sloughs off if no pregnancy occurs (menstruation or menses)
Endometrium
is the middle layer of smooth muscle that contracts during labor
Myometrium
(visceral peritoneum) is the outermost serous layer of the uterus
Perimetrium
Passageway that extends from cervix to exterior of body and is located between urinary bladder and rectum
Vagina
The female external genitalia, or vulva, includes:
Mons pubis
Labia
Clitoris
Urethral orifice
Vaginal orifice
Greater vestibular glands
Fatty area overlying the pubic symphysis
Covered with pubic hair after puberty
Mons Pubis
skin folds of the vagina
Labia
Hair-covered skin folds, Enclose the labia minora,Also encloses the vestibule of the vagina
Labia majora
delicate, hair-free folds of skin
Labia minora
Enclosed by labia majora
Contains external openings of the urethra and vagina
Vestibule
One is found on each side of the vagina
Secretions lubricate vagina during intercourse
Greater vestibular glands
Contains erectile tissue
Corresponds to the male penis
Clitoris
Diamond-shaped region between the anterior ends of the labial folds, anus posteriorly, and ischial tuberosities laterally
Perineum
