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Cell Bio > The Endimembrane System And Membrane Traficking > Flashcards

The Endimembrane System And Membrane Traficking Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Ribosomes attached to mRNA are called

A

Polysemy’s or polyribosomes

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2
Q

Polyribosomes are found in either the

A

Cytosol
Rough ER

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3
Q

The function of the rough ER includes

A

Protein production
Protein modification

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4
Q

The rough ER Consists of parallel stacks of membrane called

A

Cristae

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5
Q

Proteins are packed in______which from the rough ER to the______ for further maturation

A

Vesicles; golgi complex

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6
Q

After the golgi complex. proteins are packaged into vesicles and sent to

A

The outside of the cell
Insertion in the plasma membrane or organelles membrane
Lumen of the ER and the golgi
Lysosomal matrix

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7
Q

The pathway from the golgi to other desired locations is called the

A

Secretory pathway

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8
Q

Proteins of the cytosol need a targeting signal to reach their destination . T/F

A

False

Only proteins bound to organelles need a targeting sequence

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9
Q

SRP is the______for the ER signal sequence

A

Receptor

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10
Q

What happens when SRP binds the ER signal sequence

A

Translation is paused

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11
Q

Membrane proteins are always translated on

A

ER bound polyribosomes

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12
Q

Membrane spanning domains are primarily______and located on the polypeptide chain

A

Hydrophobic

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13
Q

When Membrane spanning domains enter the protein _______, this allow the insertion of membrane proteins into the membrane

A

Translocon

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14
Q

Protein modifications in the ER Include

A

Formation of Disulfide bonds
Cleavage of ER signal sequences
N-linked glycosylation
Protein folding

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15
Q

The formation of Disulfide bonds aids in

A

Protein folding

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16
Q

Signal peptidase is is responsible for

A

Cleaving SRP and degrading them

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17
Q

In N-linked glycosylation, polysaccharides attach to_______residues on the polypeptide chain

A

Asparagine: N

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18
Q

Protein folding is aided by chaperones
of the ER lumen called

A

BiP (binding protein)

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19
Q

Protein fold up incorrectly in the ER are
actively retained and not allowed to exit

T/F

A

True

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20
Q

Misfolded proteins are dislocated back through the ER translocator channel to be degraded in the cytoplasm by

A

Proteasomes

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21
Q

Misfolded proteins are marked with_____

A

Ubiquitin

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22
Q

Cystic fibrosis is occurs when a deletion mutation in the

A

CFTR gene

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23
Q

Normal CFTR protein is responsible for

A

Transporting chloride ions into and out of the cell

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24
Q

Mutated CFTR is marked with_______for degradation

A

Ubiquitin

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25
Q

Abnormal epithelial transport of Cl- affects the

A

Viscosity of the mucous covering the epithelial cells

26
Q

The defective Cl- channel protein in the bronchial
epithelium causes decreased Cl- secretion and

A

Increased sodium ions and water reabsorption

27
Q

Smooth ER differs in the rough ER in that

A

Smooth ER does not contain any bound ribosomes

28
Q

smooth ER appears as_________ in the TEM section

A

Tubules and vesicles

29
Q

The function of the smooth ER include

A

Biosynthesis of steroid hormones and membrane lipids

Breakdown of toxins and drugs

Sequestration of Ca++ in striated muscles

30
Q

The golgi consists of 3 regions. What are they

A

Cis
Medial
Trans

31
Q

Cis golgi recieves________ from the ER

A

Protein loaded vesicles

32
Q

Trans golgi is the_______for proteins to their matured destinations

A

Sorting mechanism

33
Q

Protein modification in the golgi includes

A

Trimming and addition of polysaccharides

O-linked glycosylation

34
Q

O-liked glycosylation includes the attachment of polysaccharides to hydroxyl groups of

A

Lipid and serine OR threonine

35
Q

Branched carbohydrates in the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane are called

A

Glycocalyx

36
Q

Cargo is sorted at the _____golgi and is secreted into 3 types of vesicles. They include;

A

Trans;

Lysosomes

Regulated

Constitutive

37
Q

Clathrate coated vesicles form at the______ and during_____

A

Trans golgi

Receptor mediated endocytosis

38
Q

Clathrate coated vesicles formation is initiated by which ligand

A

LDL

39
Q

_________is an enzyme that pinches off and suspends clathrin coated vesicles free into the cytoplasm

A

Dynamin

40
Q

Vesicles returning from the golgi to the rough ER are coated with

A

COP I

41
Q

vesicles moving from the rough ER to cis golgi are coated with

A

COP II

42
Q

V SNARES (SNAP receptors) are present on

A

Vesicles

43
Q

T-SNARES (SNAP receptors) are present on

A

Target membranes

44
Q

Botox works by degrading specific______ which prevents fusion of exocytic vesicles containing______with the plasma membrane

A

SNARES; acetylcholine

45
Q

Botox works by preventing

A

Muscle contraction

46
Q

RABS are a_______

A

GTP binding protein

Docking protein

47
Q

What does RABS do

A

It’s a docking enzyme. It binds a tethering protein and assists in the contact between a vesicles and a membrane

48
Q

Lysosomes are only active under

A

Acidic pH

49
Q

What kind of enzymes are lysosomal enzymes

A

Hydrolases

50
Q

Synthesis of lysosomal enzymes occur in the

A

Rough ER

51
Q

Lysosomal hydrolases receive which signal as they travel through the rough ER

A

M6P signal

52
Q

Membranes of the trans golgi contain_______which bind the lysosomal hydrolases and cluster them into clathrin coated vesicles

A

M6P receptors

53
Q

Autophagosomes Is a mechanism in which the cell_______£which is then directed to the

A

Degrades it’s own organelles; lysosome

54
Q

3 types of endocytosis include

A

Phagocytosis

Pinocytosis

Receptor mediated endocytosis

55
Q

Phagocytosis is the ingestion of

A

Large particles

56
Q

Pinocytosis is the ingestion of

A

Fluids

57
Q

Large particles to be eaten by phagocytes are coated with antibodies saying ‘eat me’. This is called

A

Opsonization

58
Q

In exocytosis, in the regulated secretory pathway, cargo loaded vesicles are only released when

A

When the cell receives a proper signal such as insulin

59
Q

Rise in cytosolic Ca ++ is the signal for

A

fusion of the vesicle with the plasm membrane

60
Q

Constitutive secretory pathway vesicles travel to the plasma membrane and fuse with it immediately and require no signal. T/F

A

True

Cell Bio (7 decks)

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