Nucleus And Protein Trafficking

Question 1

___________permits passage of proteins via receptor mediated transport

Answer 1

Nuclear pore complex

Question 2

The outer membrane of the nucleus contains_______and connects to_______

Answer 2

Ribosomes; Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 3

The inner membrane attaches to

Answer 3

The nuclear lamina

Question 4

The nuclear pore complex forms _______ which allows________ of ions

Answer 4

Aqueous channels; simple diffusion

Question 5

The nuclear lamina provides _________ for the nuclear membrane

Answer 5

Mechanical support

Question 6

Nuclear transcription is regulated by

Answer 6

Nuclear lamina

Question 7

Hutchison Gifford progeria syndrome is caused by a mutation in the________ protein

Answer 7

Lamina A

Question 8

What does A mutation in the Lamin A protein cause?

Answer 8

Inadequate structural support for the nuclear envelope, causing an abnormal shape

Question 9

Chromatin is made up of

Answer 9

Nucleosomes

Question 10

Nucleosomes are made up of

Answer 10

Histones

Question 11

The 2 types of chromatin are

Answer 11

Heterochromatin, Euchromatin

Question 12

Heterochromatin appears in_______and contains________genes

Answer 12

Clumps; inactive

Question 13

Heterochromatin are usually________ as opposed to Euchromatin

Answer 13

Condensed

Question 14

Constitutive heterochromatin contains repetitive, gene poor DNA sequences like

Answer 14

Centromeres and telomeres

Question 15

A prime example Facultative Heterochromatin are_______ which result in the inactivation of one of the 2 ________ present in females but not males

Answer 15

Barr bodies; X chromosomes

Question 16

Euchromatin contains_________as opposed to Heterochromatin

Answer 16

Active genes

Question 17

Synthesis of mRNA and tRNA occur in

Answer 17

Euchromatin

Question 18

Telomeres_______in size with every cell division

Answer 18

Decrease

Question 19

Telomeres are located at the _______of chromosomes

Answer 19

Cap

Question 20

Telomeres protect chromosomes from being______after each cell division

Answer 20

Degraded

Question 21

________hold the chromosomes together down the centre

Answer 21

Centromeres

Question 22

_________are formed on the centromere for microtubules to attach to during anaphase

Answer 22

Kinetochore

Question 23

_________ is the site of rRNA transcription

Answer 23

Nucleolus

Question 24

Do nucleolus have a membrane?

Answer 24

No

Question 25

Nucleolus assembles________ around the rRNA transcripts to form ribosomes

Answer 25

Ribosomal proteins

Question 26

After translation, a protein will go to a specific destination inside the cell if it has a _________ in its sequence

Answer 26

Targeting signal

Question 27

Amino acid residues in a protein chain that enable targeting are called

Answer 27

Signal sequences

Question 28

After a signal emerges from a ribosome, it is recognized and bound by a

Answer 28

Receptor or carrier

Question 29

Nuclear localization signal (NLS) are recognized by______ which moves cargo from the cytoplasm to the nucleus

Answer 29

Importins

Question 30

Nuclear Export Signals (NES) are recognized by_______ which move cargo from the nucleus to the cytoplasm

Answer 30

Exportins

Question 31

NLS containing cargo (importing from cytoplasm to nucleus) include

Answer 31

Histones
Ribosomal proteins
Transcription factors
DNA replication factors

Question 32

NES containing cargo (exporting from nucleus to cytoplasm) include

Answer 32

mRNA
tRNA
ribosomal subunits
Shuttling proteins

Question 33

When importins reach the nuclear pore complex, they are triggered to release cargo by interaction with

Answer 33

RanGTP