The End of the Cold War 1979-1991 Flashcards
What was decided in SALT 1 1972?
ABMs were limited
ICBM numbers were frozen.
What were the key terms of the Helsinki Agreement 1975?
European borders
Human Rights
Co-operation over culture, economy and science.
Why was SALT II never ratified?
The invasion of Afghanistan led to the “Second Cold War”.
What was Detente?
A period of better relations between Russia and the West in the 1970s.
Why did Russia invade Afghanistan in 1979?
To support the Communist PDPA against the Mujahideen.
What were the consequences of the invasion of Afghanistan?
USA boycotted the Moscow Olympics.
USSR was defeated in Afghanistan.
The Carter Doctrine
Give an example of Reagan’s attitude on the Cold War
Russia was the “Evil Empire”
*“We win; they lose”
Name one USA policy in the early 1980s
NUTS
Star Wars (SDI - Strategic Defense Initiative)
When did Reagan become President of the USA?
1981
When did Gorbachev become the ruler of Russia?
1985
What was Gorbachev’s “New Thinking”?
Perestroika (restructuring)
Glasnost (openness)
Where did Gorbachev and Reagan meet?
Geneva 1985
Reykjavik 1986.
What was agreed in the INF Treaty 1987?
It eliminated ballistic and cruise missiles with range of 500-5,500 km.
By 1991 2,692 weapons had been destroyed.
What was “Solidarity”
Trade Union movement in Poland that campaigned for greater freedoms in Poland.
What was the Sinatra Doctrine (1988)?
USSR would no longer intervene in the Satellite States.
Where did protests begin in Germany in 1989?
Leipzig
What were the consequences of the Fall of the Berlin Wall?
Germany became unified in 1990
Germany joined NATO in 1991
Warsaw Pact Dissolved 1991
Who were the “Gang of Eight”?
Those that plotted in 1991 to remove or overthrow Gorbachev, they were all members of the Communist Party.
When was Germany reunitied?
1990
When did Gorbachev resign?
December 1991
