Origins of the Cold War Flashcards
What was the Grand Alliance?
Britain (Churchill/ Atlee)
Russia (Stalin)
America (Roosevelt/ Truman)
What were the key decisions made at Tehran (1943)
UK/ USA would open a Second Front in Europe in 1944.
Russia would join the war against Japan.
The United Nations would be created after the war.
What key decisions were made at Yalta (1944)?
“Free” elections would be held in Eastern Europe.
Germany would be divided into four.
What had changed by Potsdam?
Germany had been defeated.
Roosevelt had died.
USA had exploded a test atomic bomb.
What were the key terms decided at Potsdam?
Berlin would be divided into four.
Germany would pay reparations
(Especially to Russia).
Western concerns about Russian control of Poland.
What was a Satellite State?
Eastern European countries under the control of Russia.
Name one Satellite State country.
East Germany, Poland, Czechoslovakia, Romania, Bulgaria, Albania, Hungary
How did Churchill refer to the division of Europe?
The Iron Curtain.
What did the Truman Doctrine (1947) state?
The US would support counties resisting Communism.
How much money did the US give Western Europe?
$17 billion.
What were the consequences of the Marshall Plan
US was committed to Western Europe.
Greece and Italy resisted Communism.
USSR established Cominform and Comecon.
What was Bizonia?
USA, UK and French unified sections of West Berlin.
Why did Stalin shut access to West Berlin in 1948?
He hoped to forced the West out of West Berlin
How many flights arrived in West Berlin during the Airlift?
275,000
What were the consequences of the Berlin Airlift?
Stalin was humiliated.
The West formed NATO
Germany was formally divided into West Germany (FDR) and East Germany (GDR).
When was the Warsaw Pact formed?
1955.
Put the Wartime Conferences in chronological order
Tehran - 1943
Yalta Feb 1945
Potsdam Late 1945
What was the purpose of the Warsaw Pact
The USSR wanted to challenge the USA’s creation of NATO
NATO had shown a powerful alliance between USA & Western Europe.
They wanted to do same with Eastern Europe.
Who came up with the Iron Curtain Speech
Winston Churchill
Name the two telegrams
Long or Kennan Telegram (USA badmouthing USSR)
Novikov Telegram (USSR badmouthing USA)
How did the two telegrams deteriorate relations between the superpowers
Both telegrams were warning that the other side could not be trusted
They were sent by Kennan (US diplomat) to US President
By Novikov (USSR diplomat) to Stalin
What does NATO stand for?
North Atlantic Treaty Organization
