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PSYC 4300 - Psychophysiology > The Electrodermal System > Flashcards

The Electrodermal System Flashcards

1
Q

History

Study of electrodermal activity

A

Dates back to the 1800

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2
Q

History (3)

A

Laboratory of Jean Charcot
Studied patients with hysteria
Measured skin resistance in patients

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3
Q

Modern era of electrodermal activity (2)

A

Dates to the 1970s
Lykken & Venables standardized recording

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4
Q

Electrodermal activity
Linked to

A

Linked to emotion, attention, and arousal from the start

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5
Q

Carl Jung (1875-1961)

A

Measured EDA to objectively measure emotional aspects of “hidden complexes” during word-association experiments

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6
Q

Two types of sweat glands

A

Eccrine and Apocrine

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7
Q

Eccrine (3)

A

Forms basis of skin conductance
Located all over body
Dense concentration on surface of feet & hands (3000/inch2)

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8
Q

Apocrine (3)

A

Associated with hair follicles in armpits & pubic region
Function is a matter of debate
Not important for this course

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9
Q

What we care about in this class

A

Eccrine

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10
Q

Functions of Eccrine sweat glands (2)

A

Thermoregulation
Grasping

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11
Q

Thermoregulation

A

Cooling of the body

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12
Q

Grasping

A

sweat works as an adhesive (creates fiction)
objects (ex: paper sticks to sweaty hands)

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13
Q

Sweat glands on hands (palmar) and feet (plantar) surfaces

A

More responsive to psychologically significant stimuli than to thermal stimuli

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14
Q

Electrodermal activity & the Eccrine gland

Electrodermal activity

A

Measure of filling of sweat glands NOT the sweat on the surface of the skin

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15
Q

As sweat fills the duct (2)
What is measured?

A

Conduction increases and Resistance decreases
This is what is measured

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16
Q

Electrodermal activity
Activated by

A

Sympathetic nervous system (SNS)
Cholinergic innervation

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17
Q

With higher SNS activity, (2)

A

Sweat rises in the ducts & greater number of ducts fill

Which leads to changes (increases) in EDA

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18
Q

Electrodermal activity

Several CNS pathways (3)

A

First and Highest Level of Control
Second Level of Control
Third Level of Control

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19
Q

Electrodermal activity

First and Highest Level of Control (3)

A

Originates in Premotor cortex
Descends through pyramidal tract (motor control)
More general frontal cortex

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20
Q

Electrodermal activity

Second level of control

A

Hypothalamus and limbic system

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21
Q

Electrodermal activity

Third level of control

A

Reticular formation

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22
Q

Electrodermal activity

Brain lesions affect EDA

A

Ventromedial, Anterior cingulate, Orbital frontal lesion studies suggest that this region is important for EDA

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23
Q

Electrodermal activity

Brain lesions affect EDA diagram

A

The corticolimbic system

Anterior cingulate cortex: Affect selective attention and social interactions
Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex: Motivation/Executive function
Amygdala: Emotional stress and learning
Hippocampus: Learning and Memory

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24
Q

Advantages and Disadvantages of SCR in research

Disadvantage:

A

EDA does not occur in isolation
It is part of complex responses mediated by the ANS

Slow moving responses: 1-3 secs
Therefore, not good for tracking rapid mental processes

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25
Q

Advantages and Disadvantages of SCR in research

Disadvantage: (what I wrote)

A

Slow moving response; Not good for tracking rapid mental processes
Can’t tie one to another

26
Q

Advantages and Disadvantages of SCR in research

Advantage: (2)

A

Sensitive to arousal, attention, novelty and significance
Response is quite discriminable: After single presentation of a stimulus, you can see if a response occurred.

27
Q

Advantages and Disadvantages of SCR in research

Advantage: (what I wrote)

A

Sensitive to arousal, attention, novelty, and significance; Response is quite discriminable
Good thing: Can see a response after one trial

28
Q

Skin conductance response
Two types

A

Nonspecific (NS) SCR (tonic levels)
ER-SCR: Event-Related SCR (Phasic levels)

29
Q

Skin conductance response

Nonspecific (NS) SCR (tonic levels) (3)

A

Tonic skin conductance level varies widely between 5s (range: 2-20 us)
Occurs at a rate of 1-3/minute while 5s at rest
May be elicited by deep breaths and body movements

30
Q

Skin conductance response

ER-SCR: Event-Related SCR (Phasic levels)

A

Response to specific stimulus; Average range is 0.1-1.0 uSiemens
Onset latency: usually occurs 1-3 seconds after stimulus onset

31
Q

Terms and Units of measurement

Generic terms (2)
EDA=
GSR=

A

EDA= electrodermal activity
GSR= Galvanic skin response

32
Q

Skin resistance is

A

Measured in ohms

33
Q

Skin resistance

SRL=
SRR=

A

SRL= Skin resistance level (tonic); 10,000-500,000
SRR= Skin resistance response (Phasic); 100-10,000

34
Q

Skin conductance is measured in

A

Measured in Siemens

35
Q

Skin conductance

SCL=
SCR=

A

SCL= Skin conductance level (tonic); 2-20 u(micro)siemens
SCR= Skin conductance response (Phasic); 0.1-1.0 u(micro)siemens

36
Q

Measure and definition

Skin conductance level (SCL)

A

Tonic level of electrical conductivity of skin (2-20 uS)

37
Q

Measure and definition

Change in SCL

A

Gradual changes in SCL measured at two or more points in time
(1-3 uS)

38
Q

Measure and definition

Frequency of NS-SCRs

A

Number of SCRs in absence of identifiable eliciting stimulus
(1-3 per min)

39
Q

Measure and definition

SCR amplitude

A

Phasic increase in conductance shortly following stimulus onset (0.1-1.0 uS)

40
Q

Measure and definition

SCR latency

A

Temporal interval between stimulus onset and SCR initiation (1-3 s)

41
Q

SCR rise time

A

Temporal interval between SCR initiation and SCR peak (1-3s)

42
Q

SCR half recovery time

A

Temporal interval between SCR peak and point of 50% recovery of SCR amplitude (2-10 s)

43
Q

SCR habituation (trials to habituation)

A

Number of stimulus presentations before two or three trials with no response
(2-8 stimulus presentations)

44
Q

SCR habituation (slope)

A

Rate of change of ER-SCR amplitude (0.01-0.5 uS per trial)

45
Q

Skin conductance response

Conductance and resistance

A

Conductance measured in mhos or Siemens (1 S=1 mho)
Resistance measured in ohms

46
Q

Skin conductance response

Origin of EDA
Level of sweat in the duct:

A

The higher the level, the lower the resistance & therefore higher conductance

47
Q

Addition of sweat on skin surface

A

Enhances SCL

48
Q

Skin conductance measurement (5)

A
  • Level of conductance (SCL) in a time window
  • Number of conductance changes (SCR) in that window
  • Latency of response
  • SCR recovery halftime
    -SCR rise time
49
Q

Skin conductance measurement

Latency of response

A

Time between stim and SCR onset

50
Q

Skin conductance measurement

SCR recovery halftime

A

Time between peak and 50% recovery to pre-stim baseline

51
Q

Skin conductance measurement

SCR rise time

A

Time between onset of SCR and peak of SCR

52
Q

Skin conductance measurement

Diagram

A

Graphical representation of principal EDA components
Stimulus
Graph: Latency, Rise Time, Amplitude, Half recovery time

53
Q

Rise time (what I wrote)

A

Time to get to highest peak

54
Q

Half recovery time (what I wrote)

A

Is the highest peak

55
Q

Skin conductance response

Measurement
Note: This is termed

A

Very small current is applied across the skin
Exosomatic: it relies on external current source

(Endosomatic does not require external source, one active and one reference electrode (for skin potentials))

56
Q

Skin conductance response

Electrode placement

A

Bipolar placement (on inside middle of pointer and middle finger)

57
Q

Skin conductance response and placement

SCR & Mental activity

A

Weak link between working memory and SCR
SCR suggests registration of material (better learners, greater SCR)

58
Q

Skin conductance response and placement

SCR Habituation

A

Learning increases SCR, Overlearning (Habituation) decreases SCR

59
Q

EDA & Behavior

Emotions and SCR (3)

A

Emotional stimuli in general elicit increases in SCR
Greater SCR to fear compared to anger
Also SCL is high during expression of negative emotions

60
Q

EDA & Behavior

SCR in Psychopathic inmates (2)

A
  • Compared to nonpsychopathic inmates and college students: psychopaths had lower SCR at rest and while performing a task involving electric shock
  • Lower levels of tonic EDA have been reported in adolescents who later exhibit antisocial behavior

PSYC 4300 - Psychophysiology (9 decks)

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