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PSYC 4300 - Psychophysiology > Nervous System Pt 2 > Flashcards

Nervous System Pt 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Basic structure of neurons (5)

A

Soma
Dendrite
Axon
Terminal button
Synapse

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2
Q

What does slide 1 diagram 1 show?

A

Soma (cell body)
Dendrites
Myelin sheath
Axon (inside myelin sheath)
Direction of message
Terminal buttons

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3
Q

What does slide 1 diagram 2 show?

A

Dendrites
Cell body
Nucleus
Axon hillock
Presynaptic cell
Axon
Myelin sheath
Signal direction
Synaptic terminals
Synapse
Postsynaptic cell

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4
Q

Internal structures
(Clockwise)

A

Rough endoplasmic reticulum
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Dendrite
Dendritic spines
Lysosome
Microtubules
Mitochondria
Myelin sheath
Membrane
Golgi apparatus
Cytoplasm
Nucleus

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5
Q

Axoplasmic transport

A

Active process by which substances are propelled along microtubules

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6
Q

Protein transport (5)

A

Proteins formed in the ER enter the Golgi bodies, where they are wrapped in a membrane and given a shipping address

Each protein package is attached to a motor molecule and moves along the micro tubule to its destination

A protein may be incorporated into the membrane…

…remain within the cell to act as an enzyme

…or be excreted from the cell by exocytosis

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7
Q

Neural insulation
Diagram 1

A

Node of ranvier
Myelinated axons
Soma of oligodendrocyte
Mitochondrion in axoplasm
Node of ranvier
Microtubule

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8
Q

Neural insulation
Diagram 2

A

(a) Axons, myelin sheath, oligodendrocyte

(b) Schwann cell

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9
Q

Electrical activity:
Membrane potential

A

Balance of two forces

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10
Q

Intracellular fluid (2)

A

Organic anions (A-)
Potassium ions (K+)

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11
Q

Extracellular fluid (2)

A

Chloride ions (Cl-)
Sodium ions (Na+)

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12
Q

Electrical activity diagram

A

Interior of cell negative (-)
Cell exterior: positive (+)

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13
Q

Diffusion

A

Movement of molecules from area of high to low concentration

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14
Q

Electrostatic pressure

A

Attraction of oppositely charged ions and repulsion of similarly charged

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15
Q

Sodium potassium pump

A

Mechanism in membrane, extrudes Na+ out, K+ in

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16
Q

Membrane potential

A

Electrical charge across a cell membrane
The difference in electrical potential inside and outside the cell

17
Q

Resting potential

A

Membrane potential of a neuron when it is not being altered by excitatory or inhibitory Postsynaptic potentials, normally about -70 mV

18
Q

Depolarization

A

Reduction (toward zero) of the membrane potential

19
Q

Action potentials
(2)

A

Rapid reversal of membrane potential

Occur when the cell is depolarized to the threshold of excitation
Largely dependent upon the movement of Na+ and K+ ions through special pores in the membrane called ion channels

20
Q

Action potential diagram (6)

A

Membrane potential (mV) on Y axis
Low Y axis: -70 High: +30

Na+ channels open, Na+ begins to enter cell
K+ channels open, K+ begins to leave the cell
Na+ channels become refractory, no more Na+ enters cell
(Stimulus, Spike Threshold)
K+ channels close, Na+ channels reset
Extra K+ outside diffuses away

21
Q

Passive conduction

A

Conduction of electrical current, in a decremental fashion, down an axon

22
Q

Saltatory conduction

A

Conduction of action potentials by myelinated axons. The action potential appears to jump from one node of ranvier to the next

23
Q

Neuron conduction velocity
Speed of conduction (2)

A

Depends on diameter of axon
Myelination

24
Q

All or none principle

A

When a neuron fires, it fires at maximum strength

25
Q

Transmission of action potentials (3)

A

Signal conducted along the axon
Terminal buttons release NT
Transmission to another neuron across the synapse

26
Q

Graded potentials (2)
(EEG source)

A

Excitatory Postsynaptic potentials (EPSP)
Inhibitory Postsynaptic potentials (IPSP)

27
Q

Where are they summated?
How is AP triggered?

A

At the axon hillock
If membrane reaches threshold, AP is triggered

28
Q

Neurotransmitters

A

Excite or inhibit the postsynaptic neuron

29
Q

NT
Acetylcholine

A

Basal forebrain and pontine tegmentum
Memory (Alzheimer’s disease)
Arousal and attention

30
Q

Dopamine

A

Substantia nigra
Motivated behavior (reward pathway)
Motor control

31
Q

Serotonin

A

Dorsal raphe nucleus in brainstem
Depression

PSYC 4300 - Psychophysiology (9 decks)

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