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PSYC 4300 - Psychophysiology > Cardiovascular System Pt 1 > Flashcards

Cardiovascular System Pt 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Heart activity and behavior 1

A

Measuring electrical activity of the heart tied to what the heart is doing

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2
Q

Anatomy and physiology of the heart:
Four chambers

A

Right and left atria (receive incoming blood)
Right and left ventricles (pump blood out of heart)

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3
Q

Function of the chambers:
Atria

A

Receive blood from veins

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4
Q

Function of the chambers:
Ventricles
(Right and Left)

A

Pump blood through arteries to the lungs (R ventricle)
And the rest of the body (L ventricle)

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5
Q

Diagram of heart (from front)

A

Right atrium (top, on left side) - Left atrium (top, on right side)
Right ventricle (bottom, on left side) - Left ventricle (bottom, on right side)

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6
Q

Right atrium receives blood from

A

All body tissue except the lungs

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7
Q

Right atrium receives blood from all body tissue except the lungs through (3)

A

Superior Vena Cava
Inferior Vena Cava
Coronary Sinus

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8
Q

Superior Vena Cava

A

Blood from upper body

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9
Q

Inferior Vena Cava

A

Blood from lower body

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10
Q

Coronary Sinus

A

Blood from the heart itself

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11
Q

Pulmonary Artery

A

Blood flows from RIGHT ATRIUM to RIGHT VENTRICLE to the lungs by way of the

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12
Q

Oxygenated blood goes to LEFT ATRIUM by

A

Four Pulmonary Veins

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13
Q

Then it goes to… which pumps through the Aorta to the rest of the body

A

Left Ventricle

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14
Q

Circulation of blood through the heart

A

(Superior vena cava/ Inferior vena cava) ➡️ RIGHT ATRIUM ➡️ (Tricuspid valve) ➡️ RIGHT VENTRICLE ➡️ PULMONARY ARTERY ➡️ LUNGS ➡️ LEFT ATRIUM ➡️ (Mitral valve) ➡️ LEFT VENTRICLE ➡️ AORTA ➡️ Rest of the body

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15
Q

Control of heart beat

A

Electrocardiogram

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16
Q

Heartbeat represents

A

Contraction of the heart to pump blood to other body organs

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17
Q

Control of beating is both

A

Intrinsic and extrinsic

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18
Q

What does intrinsic mean?

A

Related to the heart itself

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19
Q

Cardiac conduction system

A

Sinoatrial node, Atrioventricular node, Right bundle branch, HIS bundle (same as A-V bundle), Left bundle branch

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20
Q

Intrinsic Mechanisms (4)

A

Sinoatrial node (aka pacemaker)
Atrioventricular node
Atrioventricular bundle
L and R bundles of conducting fibers

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21
Q

Sinoatrial node (aka pacemaker)
What does it mean?

A

Contains cells that don’t wait for stimulation/signal, activates themselves

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22
Q

Sinoatrial node (aka pacemaker)

A

Located in rear wall of R atrium
Electric discharge produces contraction of entire heart

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23
Q

Atrioventricular bundle (2)

A

Conducts impulse into ventricles
Purkinje fibers conduct impulses for contraction to all parts of ventricles

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24
Q

Contraction phase

A

Systole
(What happens after contraction of heart muscle, how much pressure leaving the heart)

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25
Q

Relaxation phase

A

Diastole

26
Q

Systole measured

A

In mm Mercury (Hg)
Measuring at level of blood through veins

27
Q

Which part receives blood?

A

Right atrium

28
Q

Extrinsic control (2)

A

ANS
CNS

29
Q

Rate of contractions may be influenced by

A

Extrinsic factors

30
Q

Extrinsic control:
ANS (2)

A

Parasympathetic NS
Sympathetic NS

31
Q

ANS (what I wrote)

A

Controlling fight or flight

32
Q

Parasympathetic NS

A

Influences S-A and A-V nodes by way of CN X (vagus nerve)
Decreases heart rate
Mediated by ACh at vagus nerve endings

33
Q

Sympathetic NS

A

Mediated by NE at sympathetic nerve endings
Increases heart rate
Increases rate of S-A node discharge
Increases excitability of heart tissue
Increases force of contraction of atrial and ventricular musculature

34
Q

Sympathetic NS (what I wrote)

A

Fight or flight

35
Q

CNS (3)

A

Medulla (Baroreceptors)
Hypothalamus (4 Fs- fight, flight, feed, mating, and hormones)
Autonomic nervous system (fight or flight)

36
Q

Carotid Sinus Reflex
Baroreceptors

A

Pressure sensitive fibers, Located in neck

37
Q

Baroreceptors (3)

A

Ensure adequate blood supply to brain
Supplied by CN IX (Glossopharyngeal)
When Carotid Sinus pressure is low because of low bp, information is sent to medulla which stimulates SNS (sympathetic nervous system) to increase heart rate and bp

38
Q

Carotid sinus reflex

A

Back up system to activate heart (only when it drops)
Any kind of trauma (decrease in blood pressure, ex: blood loss)

39
Q

Carotid sinus reflex diagram

A

Aortic arch pressure receptors
Hering’s nerves via Glossopharyngeal
Carotid pressure receptors
via Vagus

40
Q

EKG

A

Heart contraction accompanied by production of electrical current; can be measured on body surface

41
Q

EKG (what I wrote)

A

Measuring cycle heart goes through

42
Q

Types of waves (3)

A

P wave
QRS (complex)
T wave

43
Q

P wave

A

Currents generated before contraction of atria - Atrial depolarization

44
Q

QRS (complex)

A

Current generated in the ventricles during depolarization, just prior to ventricular contraction

45
Q

QRS (complex) (what I wrote)

A

To pump blood to the lungs (Right Ventricle) and the rest of the body (Left Ventricle)

46
Q

T wave

A

Caused by repolarization of the ventricle

47
Q

Depolarization and repolarization

A

Is similar to that which occurs in neurons

48
Q

Wave diagram

A

X- axis: Time (s) (0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8)
Y-axis: electrical potential (mV)
P wave in peak in middle of 0 and 0.2
Q at 0.2
R right after at sharp peak
S in middle (low) of 0.2 and 0.4
T in going back up and hill right before 0.6

49
Q

Wave component Duration
P-Q interval

A

Time between start of P wave and start of QRS (160 msec)

50
Q

Q-T interval

A

Time between start of Q wave and end of T wave (300 msec)

51
Q

Start of the Next Cycle

A

Time between end of T wave and the start of the next P wave (370 msec)

52
Q

Total of Wave Component Duration

A

160 + 300 + 370 = 830 msec

53
Q

EKG measures
Heart rate

A

beats per unit time (ex: bpm)

54
Q

How is heart rate (bpm) computed?

A

By counting the number of R peaks within this interval (1 minute)

55
Q

Heart period

A

Time between R waves or Inter-beat Intervals (IBI)
Expressed in milliseconds

56
Q

Heart rate variability

A

Stability of the HR during baseline or during the performance of a task

57
Q

EKG Measures (4)

A

Heart rate
Heart period
Heart rate variability
Respiratory Sinus Arrythmia

58
Q

Research suggests that as attention demands increase

A

There is a decrease in HR variation

59
Q

Respiratory Sinus Arrythmia

A

HR variability due to respiration
HR increases shortly after respiration begins and decreases shortly after exhalation begins

60
Q

Heart rate at different ages (2)

A

1 y/o- 120 bpm
10 y/o- 90 bpm

61
Q

Adult heart rate at rest male vs female

A

70 (males)
76 (females)

PSYC 4300 - Psychophysiology (9 decks)

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