The Elbow And Forearm Flashcards
Which two articulations form the elbow joint?
The humeroulnar and humeroradial joints
Which two parts articulate in the humeroulnar articulation of the elbow joint?
The trochlear of the humerus and trochlear notch of ulna
Which two parts articulate in the humeroradial articulation in the elbow joint?
Capitellum of the humerus and the radial head
Which parts of the ulna and radius articulate in the proximal radio-ulnar joint?
Side of the radial head and radial notch of the ulna
The medial and lateral epicondyles of the distal humerus act as attachments for which groups of muscles?
Lateral: extensors of posterior forearm
Medial: flexor-pronator group of anterior forearm
The radial tuberosity is the sight of insertion for which muscle?
Biceps brachii
The olecranon is the site of insertion for high muscle?
Triceps brachii
Which two ligaments act to strengthen the elbow joint?
Lateral (ulnar) and medial (radial) collateral ligaments
Which ligaments helps strengthen the proximal radio-ulnar joint?
Annular ligament
What is the carrying angle?
In full extension of the elbow the ulna makes a valgus angle to accommodate for hips in arm swings
Where is the olecranon bursa of the elbow joint found?
In subcutaneous tissue overlying the olecranon
Where is the subtendinous bursa of the elbow joint found?
Between the olecranon and triceps brachii tendon
What muscles are responsible for supination?
Supinator and biceps brachii (when there’s resistance)
What muscles are responsible for protonation?
Protonator teres and protonator quadratus
What are the muscles in the superficial compartment of the anterior forearm?
Pronator teres, flexor carpi radialis, palmaris longus, flexor carpi ulnaris
What muscle makes up the intermediate anterior compartment of the forearm?
Flexor digitorum superficialis
What muscles are found in the deep compartment of the anterior forearm?
Flexor digitorum profundus, flexor pollicis longus, pronator quadratus
What is the nervous innervation for the superficial compartment of the anterior forearm?
All median nerve except flexor carpi ulnaris which is ulnar nerve
What is the nervous innervation of the intermediate and deep layer of the anterior forearm?
Media nerve except for medial half of flexor digitorum profundus which is ulnar nerve
In what position is brachioradialis most effective at flexing the elbow?
When forearm is in the mid-prone position (lifting a cup)
What is different about brachioradialis compared to other muscles of the posterior forearm?
Contributes to flexion not extensor
What are the motor function of the median nerve?
Innervated flexor and pronator muscles of anterior forearm (except flexor carpi ulnaris and ulnar half of FDP). Also thenar muscles and lateral two lumbricals in hand
What is the sensory distribution of the median nerve?
Radial three and a half fingers on palmar surface and dorsum of their respective distal phalanges
What are the motor functions of the ulnar nerve?
Innervates intrinsic muscles of the hand (except thenar and lateral lumbricals), flexor carpi ulnaris and ulnar half of FDP
What is the sensory distribution of the ulnar nerve?
Innervates the palmar and dorsal surfaces of the ulnar one and a half fingers, ulnar palm and dorsum of hand
What is the lateral border of the cubical fossa?
Medial border of brachioradialis muscle
What is the medial border of the cubical fossa?
Lateral border of pronator teres
What is the superior border of the cubical fossa?
Hypothetical line between lateral and medial epicondyles of humerus
What forms the floor of the cubical fossa?
Proximally, brachialis
Distally, supinator
Which vessel in the cubital fossa can be accessed for venepuncture?
Median cubital vein
What are the contents of the cubital fossa going from most lateral to medial?
Radial nerve, biceps tendon, brachial artery, median nerve
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What seven muscles are found in the superficial layer of the posterior forearm?
Brachioradialis, extensor digitorum, extensor digiti minimi, extensor carpi ulnaris, extensor carpi radialis (longus and brevis), anconeus
Which muscles of the superficial layer of the posterior forearm share a common origin on the lateral epicondyle of the humerus, known as the common extensor origin?
Extensor digitorum, extensor digiti minimi, extensor carpi ulnaris, extensor carpi radialis brevis
What are the five deep muscles of the posterior forearm?
Supinator, abductor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis (brevis and longus), extensor indicis
The radial nerve contains fibres from which spinal nerve roots?
C5-T1
What is the sensory distribution of the radial nerve?
Posterior arm and forearm, lateral lower arm, dorsum of radial hand and radial three and a half fingers except distal phalanges
What are the motor functions of the radial nerve?
Triceps brachii and extensor muscles of the posterior forearm
