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Cardiovascular System > The ECG > Flashcards

The ECG Flashcards

1
Q

SLL 1

A

Left arm wrt right arm

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2
Q

SLL2

A

Left leg wrt right arm

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3
Q

SLL3

A

Left leg wrt left arm

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4
Q

A wave of depolarisation approaching the LL in SLL II

A

A positive recording (relative to RA)

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5
Q

A wave of depolarisation going away from LL in SLL II

A

A negative potential relative to the RA

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6
Q

A wave of repolarisation approaching the LL in SLL II

A

A negative recording

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7
Q

A wave of repolarisation going away from the LL in SLL II

A

A positive recording

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8
Q

What causes the P wave

A

Atrial depolarisation

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9
Q

What causes the QRS complex

A

Ventricular depolarisation

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10
Q

What causes the T wave

A

Ventricular repolarisation

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11
Q

what is the PR interval and what length should it be

A

Time from atrial depolarisation to ventricular depolarisation. Mainly due to transmission through the AV node
0.12-0.2s

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12
Q

how long is the QRS complex

A

0.08s

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13
Q

QT interval

A

Time spent while ventricles are depolarised (0.42s at 60bpm)

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14
Q

Why isn’t atrial depolarisation visible on an ECG

A

It coincides with ventricular depolarisation

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15
Q

Why is the QRS complex so complex

A

Different parts of the ventricles depolarise at different times in different directions

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16
Q

Timings of ventricular depolarisation

A

1- interventricular septum depolarises from left to right

2- bulk of ventricle depolarises from endocardial to epicardial surface

3- upper part of interventricular septum depolarises

17
Q

Why is the T wave positive

A

Because action potential is longer in endocardial cells than epicardial cells so wave of depolarisation is moving away from recording electrode

18
Q

Why is the R wave biggest in SLL II?

A

Main vector of depolarisation is in like with axis of recording

19
Q

Augmented limb leads

A

aVR- right arm wrt left leg and arm
aVL- left arm wrt right arm and left leg
aVF- left leg wrt arms

20
Q

What extra info do the precordial (chest) leads give

A

Show progression of main vector of depolarisation.

6 leads arranged in front of the heart, allow a horizontal view

21
Q

What does the rhythm strip tell you

A

Heart rate

Also if each QRS complex is preceded by a P-wave, if the PR or QT intervals or QRS complexes the right length

22
Q

One large square on an ECG

A

0.2s

23
Q

How to determine heart rate from ECG

A

Count R waves in 30 large squares (6s) and multiply by 10

24
Q

STEMI

A

ST elevated myocardial infarction (worse than non-stemi)

Cardiovascular System (33 decks)

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