the earth Flashcards
magma and lava:
MAGMA: solid: also known as molten rock
doesn’t escape from crust lava inside crust
heated magma caused mountains known as dikes
LAVA: what flows down/escapes and runs from the crust-liquid
4 layers of earth:
inner core-centre of earth- most hottest-solid made up of iron and nickel
outer core- made up of iron and nickel, liquid
mantle-thickest section semi rock-magma
crust- outer layer thinnest solid rock layer
2 types-oceanic and continental
theory of plate tectonics:
movement and activity of plates inside earth
mechanical layer-lithiosphere- divided into larger continents and plates constantly moves slowly each yr -1-2 inches per year
3 types of rocks;
sedimentary-sediments- small pieces of rocks
igneous- igneous-fiery and burning heart
metamorphic - morphe-to change
s metamorphic rocks:
morphe-to change
comes from igneous and sedimentary rocks
earths movements causes rocks to be squeezed and buried together causing them to be heated and great pressure
don’t melt but minerals (compounds but for rocks) chemically forming mr’s
heat and pressure can cause the rocks to change structure and form eg limestone-marble
igneous rocks:
igneous-fiery burning heart
formed from liquid hot molten rock -magma
comes up towards surface rises-and cools
crystallises either above or below the surface
if above- quick cooling, tiny glassy crystals
if below- slow cooling- large crystals
all have different features due to speed at which rocks are formed
eg. granite, diorite, basalt
sedimentary rocks:
comes from sediments- small pieces of rocks EROSION which have been transported in 3 different ways -TRANSPORTATION;
physical weathering- wind, water or ice
chemical weathering; acid, oil or spills
biological weathering-roots of plants
then DEPOSITION. built up in layers in water and ocean, rivers and air COMPACTION, layers cemented together CEMENTATION from minerals crystals formed from different salts from water squeezed out from rocks
formed for millions or years.
rocks forming cycle:
warning:
Emma’s
tiny
dainty
crumbly
crappy
sweets
weathering
erosion
transportation
deposition
compaction
cementation
sedimentation
rocks:
different grains fitted together
grains-made up of one or more chemical compound
mineralcs- compounds in rocks
mixtures- loads of different minerals
different types of weathering:
ONION SKIN WEATHERING- physical weathering
rock expands and contracts due to temperature changes
eg. sun heats rock makes it expand until cracks
at night extracts bc its cooler
process happens over excessively rocks cracks and break apart
FREEZE THAW WEATHERING- physical weathering
water gets in rock freezes rock expanding it
ice thaws in rock making it contract
but water gets in rock deeper until cracks
process repeats until rocks breaks apart bc expanded to much
PLANTS AND ROOTS- biological weathering
roots grow in rocks
roots grows in rocks cracks
roots go bigger
cracks get wider until rock breaks apart.
ACID RAIN- chemical weathering
rain coming from dissolved gases in air making it slightly more acidic
reacts with minerals in the rocks
new substance formed
may be soluble-dissolve in water
wash away in the water
or crumble og rock apart
carbon cycle:
series of process by which carbon compounds are put/transferred in the environment
photosynthetis:
processing of turning carbon d and water to give you glucose
carbon d+ water+ light energy=glucose + oxygen
respiration:
break down of glucose and other foods into carbon d and water
glucose + oxygen= carbon d + water + energy
biomatter:
term used to describe the organic matter in plants and animals
decomposition:
dead materials eg plants and animals remains broken in decay, broken down by fundi bacteria -decomposers
use carbon compounds to do respiration making the remains release carbon d
glucose + oxygen= carbon d + water + light energy
