adaptations and inheritance Flashcards
adaptions:
how organisms evolve to make it easier for them to adapt to their environment eg. feature
how animals compete 6:
sharp teeth-scary
speed- run away or chase
excellent senses
strong- escape and get protect
good grip
herd- more more scarier less more done for
camouflage- can hide
what do they compete for: 10
food
light
sun
minerals
shelter
territory
space
habitat
mates
water
camel and cactus adaptations to desert:
2 sets of eyelashes
thick fur shelter on top
thin to maximise heat loss
drink up to 46 litres and can tolerate 46 percent of heat
vast volume body -most releasing heat
kidney concentrates urine-don’t pee as much
ears far apart-lose heat
large slit nostrils
hump-stores fat
cactus:
thick waxy cuticles reduce water on outside surface
tiny leave subsite-pricks
long roots to find water
swollen stems
polar bear adaptations to arctic:
smell to attract mates
huge paws- spread weight on thin ice
black eyes-absorb heat
fur- thick 2 layers and clear hollow and white
sticky grip on feet
sharp claws and paws
ears close together
good smell-smell prey 1km
variation:
differences of characteristics in organisms
inherited variation:
differences between organisms passed down by parents in reproduction
examples;
nose shape/length
eye colour
dimples
freckles
environmental variation:
variation caused by an organisms environment
examples:
scars hairstyles tattoos
inherited and environmental variation:
differences between both an organisms environment and parents can be dis/continuous variation
weight
skin
height
continuous variation-
ranges not limited, loads of values
examples:
height
weight
shoe size
leaf/finger size
arms span
discontinuous variation:
range limited groups rather than ranges
examples
rolling tongue
blood group
eye colour
hand you write with
another name for discontinuous variation:
categoric data
natural selection:
the best adapted organisms being able to survive
survival of the fittest- Darwin’s theory
process of organisms evolving slowly over time to become better adapted many years- number of generations
how we know evolutions has occured?
fossils-preserved remainings of plant and animals from the past
how fossils formed?
from remains of plants or animals that didn’t rot
and imprints of a a plants or animals on a rock due to pressure of layers on top
how fossils formed?
from remains of plants or animals that didn’t rot
and imprints of a a plants or animals on a rock due to pressure of layers on top
extinction;
when there is no more individuals of a species left anywhere in the world
eg. dinosaurs and wooly mamoths
why extinction takes place?
asteroids strike
climate change
pollution
diseases
lack of food
species invasion
better adaptations and competition
loss of habitat
lack of genetic diversity
human predatory
