The Duke of Buckingham's exploits. Flashcards
What did the Duke of Buckingham have full control over?
Foreign policy
When was the Spanish adventure?
March 1623
What happened in the Spanish adventure? (4)
- Buckingham convinced Charles I to go to Spain, against James’ wishes, to try and seduce the Spanish Infanta.
- This was a complete disaster and humiliation.
- They were captured by the monarchy and Philip VI made more and more demands to marry the infanta.
- They returned to England empty handed.
When was the Mansfield expedition?
1624
What happened during the Mansfield expedition?
(Buckingham, Louis)
-What happened between Charles and Parliament?
- Failing the Spanish adventure, Buckingham was able to use 3 Parliamentary subsidies to employ Count Manfield, Peter Ernst, to lead a mercenary army into Germany during the 30 years war.
- However, Louis XIII demanded that the allies help him on his own personal mission in the Spanish Netherlands. James refused and the King retaliated by not allowing safe passage through French territory. The expedition was marooned in the United Provinces and lack of funds meant that the force was too small and disease and desertion meant that it never left the Netherlands.
- Parliament tried to tell Charles how to manage foreign policy (which was part of his royal prerogative) so this angered Charles and lead to a breakdown of trust.
What happened to Buckingham’s naval war with Spain at Cadiz in November 1625?
(payment, what happened, peace, Richelieu)
- Buckingham took personal command of the naval expedition to attack Cadiz. Henrietta Maria’s dowry (King Louis XIII gave £120,00) paid for the expedition.
- It was a disaster- the soldier’s invaded the Spanish coast, got drunk and had to withdraw. On the way home, they ran out of food and water and many died.
- The peacement that England had under James meant that the soldiers had little expeirence, the ships now old and run down and had little supplies (as there was no point keeping them in good condition if they weren’t going to war).
- Cardinal Richelieu of France refused to go to war with Span when he realised that the Protestants were losing.
What happened happened at the Ile De Re expedition?
- How many ships and men were there?
- How many men returned after La Rochelle?
- Why was Buckingham unable to get in St Martin when the French retreated into the stronghold? What day was it?
In June 1627, in order to get France to go to war with Spain, Buckingham declared war on France and went on an expedition to Ile De Re in order to help the French protestants (Hugenots). Buckingham lead the expedition personally.
- They took 100 ships and 8000 men. Only about 3000 returned.
- When the French troop withdraw into the stronghold of St Martin, Buckingham laid siege. However, they were at a gridlock and the British couldn’t get over the French wall as their ladders were too small. 27th October 1627- last desperate attack.
What happened at the La Rochelle raids?
How many men died out of the 7833 who went?
What did the raids mean for Charles?
-However, the troops were ill-disciplined and retreated with heavy casualties.
-Out of the 7833 who went only 2989 returned
The raids meant that Charles had to recall Parliament again in March 1628.
When was Buckingham assassinated, by who, when and why?
On 23rd August 1628, Buckingham was assassinated in Portsmouth by John Felton, a disillusioned army officer who had been on the expedition to France. Buckingham was planning his second expedition to Spain.
What was the royal debt in 1625 and 1629 because of Buckingham’s actions?
1625- £1 Million
1629- £2 Million
How many men served under Buckingham between 1624-28 and how many of these died?
50,000 men had served under Buckingham and it is estimated that over a third of them died.
