THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

Question 1

GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT

Answer 1

begins in the mouth, travels through the pharynx, oesophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum and ends in the anus.

Question 2

MASTICATION

Answer 2

grinding of food with teeth and tongue

Question 3

DIGESTION

Answer 3

chemical breakdown of food into small molecules

Question 4

INGESTION

Answer 4

when food enters the mouth

Question 5

SECRETION

Answer 5

occurs in mouth when salivary glands release salivary amylase to help break down food

Question 6

ABSORPTION

Answer 6

nutrients pass through lining of the digestive tract into bloodstream

Question 7

DEFACATION

Answer 7

elimination of unusable waste products through anus

Question 8

MOUTH

Answer 8

makes salivary amylase which breaks down monosaccharides for glucose

Question 9

PHARYNX

Answer 9

closes trachea when swallowing to prevent food and saliva from passing the airways

Question 10

OESOPHAGUS

Answer 10

carries food from pharynx to stomach

Question 11

STOMACH

Answer 11

produces hydrochloric acid and pepsinogen to begin digestion

Question 12

SMALL INTESTINE

Answer 12

where majority of absorption and digestion takes place

Question 13

LARGE INTESTINE

Answer 13

absorbs water from faecal matter before defecation

Question 14

ANUS

Answer 14

controls passage of faeces to outside world

Question 15

LIVER

Answer 15

produces bile, detoxifies body, forms plasma proteins, stores nutrients and makes cholesterol

Question 16

GALL BLADDER

Answer 16

stores bile

Question 17

PANCREAS

Answer 17

releases bicarbonate and produces digestive enzyme

Question 18

LOWER OESOPHAGEAL SPHINCTER

Answer 18

valve that prevents stomach contents squirting back into oesophagus