ELEMENTS, ATOMS AND IONS Flashcards
WHAT IS AN ATOM
The smallest unit of matter that can enter a chemical reaction. Made up of sub-atomic or elementary particles.
WHAT CHARGE DOES A PROTON HAVE AND WHERE IS IS FOUND
Positively charged and found in the nucleus.
WHAT CHARGE DOES AN ELECTRON HAVE AND WHERE IS IT FOUND
Negatively charged and orbit around the nucleus.
WHAT CHARGE DOES A NEUTRON HAVE AND WHERE IS IT FOUND
No charge and found in nucleus.
ELECTRONIC SHELLS HAVE WHAT ORBITING THEM
Electronic shells have electrons orbiting them and must be full before another shell can open. 2,8,8.
WHAT IS THE ATOMIC NUMBER
tells you the number of protons and electrons in an element. Protons=Electrons
WHAT IS THE ATOMIC MASS
equals the number of neutrons + number of protons.
WHAT ARE PERIODS, GROUPS AND THE VALENCE SHELL
P= no. of neutrons in the shell G= no. of neutrons in the last shell VS= the outer most shell
WHAT ARE ISOTOPES
have the same atomic number but a different atomic mass. Same no. of protons but different no. of electrons
WHAT IS THE MOLECULAR MASS
the sum of all elements that make up a compound. H20= 2xH and 1xO.
WHAT ARE IONIC BONDS
Form when atoms donate and accept electrons to achieve a full outer valence shell. (metal + non-metal)
WHAT ARE COVALENT BONDS
Form when electrons are shared between atoms of the same or different element. (non-metal + non-metal)
WHAT ARE NON-POLAR COVALENT BONDS
when electrons are shared equally a non-polar bond is formed. O+O=O2
WHAT ARE POLAR COVALENT BONDS
when electrons are shared unequally a polar covalent bond is formed. O+H+H= OH2
WHAT ARE HYDROGEN BONDS
bonds that bring the elements together.
