The Difference and Similarities Between DNA and RNA Flashcards
What are the basic structural differences between DNA and RNA?
DNA: Double-stranded helix, contains deoxyribose sugar, uses thymine (T) as a base.
RNA: Single-stranded, contains ribose sugar, uses uracil (U) instead of thym
What are the main functions of DNA and RNA?
DNA: Stores and transmits genetic information.
RNA: Transfers genetic code from DNA to the ribosome for protein synthesis; also involved in various other cellular processes.
Where are DNA and RNA typically found in a cell?
DNA: Mostly in the nucleus (also in mitochondria and chloroplasts).
RNA: Found in the nucleus, cytoplasm, and ribosomes.
Which is more stable, DNA or RNA?
DNA: More stable due to its double-stranded structure and deoxyribose sugar.
RNA: Less stable because it is single-stranded and contains ribose sugar.
What are the different types of RNA compared to DNA?
DNA: Only one type.
RNA: Three main types - mRNA (messenger RNA), tRNA (transfer RNA), and rRNA (ribosomal RNA).
What nitrogenous bases are found in DNA and RNA?
DNA: Adenine (A), Thymine (T), Cytosine (C), Guanine (G).
RNA: Adenine (A), Uracil (U), Cytosine (C), Guanine (G).
How are DNA and RNA synthesized?
DNA: Replicated during the S phase of the cell cycle before cell division.
RNA: Synthesized from DNA during transcription.
How do the lengths of DNA and RNA molecules typically compare?
DNA: Usually much longer, containing the entire genetic blueprint of an organism.
RNA: Shorter, typically representing a copy of one or a few genes.
What are the differences in the sugar components of DNA and RNA?
DNA: Contains deoxyribose, which lacks an oxygen atom at the 2’ carbon.
RNA: Contains ribose, which has an oxygen atom at the 2’ carbon.
How do DNA and RNA function in protein synthesis?
DNA: Provides the genetic code that is transcribed into RNA.
RNA: mRNA carries the code from DNA to the ribosome, where tRNA and rRNA assist in translating it into a protein.
