Fundamental Genetic Terms Flashcards
What is a genotype?
The genetic makeup of an individual, including all alleles present (e.g., Aa, BB).
What is a phenotype?
The observable characteristics or traits of an individual, influenced by genotype and environment.
Define “gene.”
A unit of heredity consisting of DNA that encodes information for a specific protein or function.
What is an allele?
A variant form of a gene (e.g., A or a in a gene pair).
Define “dominant.”
A trait expressed when at least one dominant allele is present (e.g., AA or Aa).
Define “recessive.”
A trait expressed only when two recessive alleles are present (e.g., aa).
What does “homozygous” mean?
Having two identical alleles for a gene (e.g., AA or aa).
What does “heterozygous” mean?
Having two different alleles for a gene (e.g., Aa).
What is the difference between diploid and haploid cells?
Diploid cells (2n) have two sets of chromosomes, while haploid cells (n) have one set.
What is a carrier?
An individual who carries one recessive allele for a trait but does not express it (e.g., Aa for a recessive condition).
