The developmental area

Question 1

what are the defining principles of the developmental area

Answer 1

-behaviour develops throughout life
-upbringing affects adult behaviour

Question 2

what are the strengths of the developmental area

Answer 2

-many useful applications in childcare
-useful variety of quantitative and qualitative data
-study participants over time to reduce participant variables

Question 3

what are the weaknesses of the developmental area

Answer 3

research with children may cause ethical issues e.g consent and protection
samples often small and unreprasentative

Question 4

what are the two studies in the developmental area

Answer 4

Bandura
Kohlberg

Question 5

what was the predominant though at the time about effects on children on seeing adult behaviour

Answer 5

it was though that adult behaviour was observed by children and then imitated

Question 6

what are Banduras 4 hypothesis

Answer 6

-Subjects exposed to aggressive models would reproduce aggressive acts resembling those of their models

-observation of non aggressive models would have a generalised lesser effect on the subjects subsequent behaviour

-subjects would imitate the behaviour of the same sex model to a greater degree than a model of the other sex

-boys should be more predisposed than girl toward imitating aggression

Question 7

describe the sample in bandura

Answer 7

72 children at stanford university
36 boys
36 girls
all 37-69 months

Question 8

how were the participants obtained in Bandura

Answer 8

opportunity sampling
no choice
taken from stanford uni nursery

Question 9

what were the children matched on

Answer 9

physical aggression
verbal aggression
aggression to inanimate objects
aggression inhibition

Question 10

how was the aggression rating obtained

Answer 10

two observers
experimenter and nursery teacher
observe each child in social interactions at their own nursery

Question 11

how did the researchers allocate children into different conditions

Answer 11

Each child was given an overall score and children were then put into groups of three with the same aggression rating. Each person in the three was allocated to a different condition

Question 12

what is one advantage of using matched participants design

Answer 12

It allows a fair experiment as it sees hownpeople with the same aggression rating act in different situatiins

Question 13

what is one disadvantage of the matched participant design-

Answer 13

time consuming
although matched may still not have the same reaction to different conditions

Question 14

what were the IV of bandura

Answer 14

aggressive model
non aggressive model
no model

Question 15

what were the DV of bandura

Answer 15

aggressive female model
aggressive male model
non aggressive male model
non aggressive female model
no model

Question 16

stage 1
why was it important for the aggressive model to have such aggressive acts

Answer 16

To show to the child clearly their behaviours so that they could easily be imitated

Question 17

stage 2
why was the mild aggression arousal stage included

Answer 17

Studies show that witnessing aggression tends to reduce immediate aggression and so it was decided that all children would be AROUSED so that any aggression shown from the model would be shown

Question 18

stage 3
why did the researhers bother getting another researcher for half the children

Answer 18

This was so that theuy could have inter rater reliablituy

Question 19

what are the strengths of bandura

Answer 19

lab experiment therefore lots of controls. more controller extraneous variables
matched participants design
replicable

Question 20

what are the weaknesses of bandura

Answer 20

lacks ecological validity- not a natural set up for the children
ethics-nature of this research considered to harm children
not generalisable- only children at the stanford uni nursery
ethnocentrism-allparticipants from america