Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

unit 1 psychology > Experiments Pack > Flashcards

Experiments Pack Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Psychology 101 flashcards GRE® Psychology flashcards AP® Psychology flashcards
1
Q

What is a laboratory experiment

A

This is where the IV is manipulated by the researcher and the experiment is carried out in a laboratory or other contrived setting away from the participants environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is a field experiment

A

The IV is manipulated by the researcher but this the experiment is carried out using participants in their normal surroundings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is a quasi experiment

A

The IV is naturally occuring e.g weather

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what are advantages of lab experiments

A

easily replicable
reliable
controlled extraneous variables

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what are the disadvantages of a lab experiment

A

lacks ecological validity
higher chance of demand charecteristics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what are the advantages of a field experiment

A

strong in ecological validity
lesser chance of demand charecteristic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what are the disadvantages of a field experiment

A

cant control environment
harder to repeat
hard to control extraneous variables

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what are the advantages of a quasi experiment

A

strong ecological validity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what are the disadvantages of a quasi experiment

A

not easily replicable
cannot control the IV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is an experimental condition

A

this experiences the change ir manipulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is a control condition

A

this experiences no change or manipulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is an independant variable

A

This is the variable that is changed during an experiment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is a dependant variable

A

This is what you are measuring in an experiment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is a control variable

A

this is a variable that is kept the same when you do the experiment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what are the three different types of experimental design

A

repeated measures design
independant measures design
matched participants design

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is the repeated measures design

A

This involves using the same people in each condition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is the independent measures design

A

This involves using different people in each condition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what is the matched participants design

A

This involves using different people in each condition but an attempt is made to make the participants as similair as possible on certain key charecterisitics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what are the advantages of repeated measures design

A

particicpant variables

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what are the disadvantages of repeated measures design

A

demand charecteristocs may be common
order effects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what are the advantages of independent measures design

A

order effects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what are the disadvantages of independent measures design

A

participant variables

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what are the advantages of matched participants design

A

less chance of demand charecteristics
no order effects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what are the disadvantages of matched participants design

A

participant variables
time consuming
high effort

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

what are extraneous variables

A

any variable not being investigated that may have an effect on the results of the research.( construct validity )

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

what are the four extraneous variables

A

order effects
environmental variables
participant variables
demand charecteristics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

what are order effects

A

when the results are affected by the repitition of a task and not the IV
likely to be a problem for repeated measures design

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

what are environmental variables

A

when the results are influenced by the environment they are in and not the IV
most common in a field experiment as the environment cannot be controlled

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

what are participant variables

A

when the results are influenced by the individual charecteristics of a participant and not the IV
Most common in individual design as using different participants for each condition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

what are demand charecteristics

A

when the participants do not act naturally as they know the aim of the study
most common in a lab experiment and repeated measures design

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

what is an alternative hypothesis

A

this predicts how one variable is likely to affect another variable. an alternative hypothesis always predicts that the IV WILL effect the DV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

what is a null hypothesis

A

predicts that their will be NO EFFECT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What is a two tailed hypothesis

A

A hypothesis where they make no decision on which way the IV will affect they DV they just say it will effect it

34
Q

what is a one tailed hypothesis

A

this predicts he way in which the IV will effect the dv e.g the biv will sinificantly improve this

35
Q

what is operationalisation

A

this refers to the process of making variables physically measurable or testable.For example creating a measure for happiness

36
Q

what is the target population

A

the group of people the researcher is interested in studying

37
Q

what is a sample

A

the actual group of participants used in the research

38
Q

what are the four different types of sampling

A

self selecting
opportunity
random
snowball

39
Q

what is self selecting sampling

A

This is when people volunteer to take place in a study

40
Q

what is opportunity sampling

A

a sample of participants produced by selecting those who are most readily available ata a given time and place

41
Q

what is random sampling

A

a technique in which each member of the target population has a equal chance of being selected

42
Q

what is snowball sampling

A

when participants are asked to contact their friends and family to also take part in the research. they in turn then ask other people

43
Q

what are the advantages of self selecting sampling

A

participants are willing to take part in the research
avoids researcher bias

44
Q

what are the disadvantages of self selecting sampling

A

may be demand charecteristics
not as generalisable as only people that want to take part in the study confident/ extroverts

45
Q

what are the advantages of opportunity sampling

A

more convenient
easy
quick

46
Q

what are the disadvantages of opportunity sampling

A

more ethnocentric as only in one place
not generalsiable

47
Q

what are the advantages of random sampling

A

representative of population
no researcher bias

48
Q

what are the disadvantages of random sampling

A

participants may not be willing to take part in the study

49
Q

what are the advantages of snowball sampling

A

easy to get participants
large sample size

50
Q

what are the disadvantages of snowball sampling

A

not generalisable as all friends and family so similar characteristics

51
Q

what are the 4 ethical considerations

A

respect
competence
responsibility
integrity

52
Q

what is qualitative data

A

data that is NOT represented by numbers

53
Q

what is quantitative data

A

data that IS represented by numbers

54
Q

what are the positives of quantitative data

A

easily comparable
easily analysed
easy to plot into graphs

55
Q

what are the negatives of quantitative data

A

their is no reason for why the data is like that

56
Q

what are the positives of qualitative data

A

specific data
explains reasons for results

57
Q

what are the negatives of qualitative data

A

hard to compare
hard to plot into graphs

58
Q

what are the three measures off central tendency

A

mean
median
mode

59
Q

how do you calculate the mean

A

+ up all the numbers
divide by how many different numbers there are

60
Q

how do you calculate the median

A

place numbers in order of smallest to largest
the median is the middle value

61
Q

how do you calculate the mode

A

it is the most common value in a set of results
whichever value appeared most in the results

62
Q

what are the advantages of the mean

A

all data is included no data is missing

63
Q

what are the disadvantages off the mean

A

outlier sores can skew the results to not reflect most participants

64
Q

what are the advantages of the median

A

not affected by outlier scores

65
Q

what are the disadvantages of the median

A

doesn’t take into account all of the data

66
Q

what are the advantages of the mode

A

mode can be used for non numerical data

67
Q

what are the disadvantages of the mode

A

impossible to calculate if all data is different

68
Q

what are the three measures of dispersion

A

range
variance
standard deviation

69
Q

how do you calculate the range

A

subtract the smallest value from the largest value

70
Q

how do you calculate the variance

A
  • for each condition calculate the mean score
  • within each condition you then subtract the mean off of each participants score. This gives you the ‘d’ (the difference)
  • you then square each d score
  • you then add all the d squared scores together
    -divide the value ion all added together by n-1 meaning the number of different values subtract one
71
Q

how do you calculate the standard deviation

A

square root the variance

72
Q

what are the advantages of the range

A

quick
easy to calculate

73
Q

what are the disadvantages of the range

A

skewed by outlier scores. for example the anomalous scores are likely to be either the top or bottom value and that hugely affects the range

74
Q

what are the advantages of the variance

A

takes into account all of the data
less affected by outlier scores

75
Q

what are the disadvantages of the variance

A

only takes into account squared values and therefore not the original units of the data

76
Q

what are the advantages of the standard deviation

A

takes into account all of the data
brings values back to normal values

77
Q

what are the disadvantages of standard deviation

A

time consuming
difficult to calculate

78
Q

what is a single blind trial

A

the patients do not know which study group they are in
however research her do know which groups people are in

79
Q

what is a double blind trial

A

where the researchers and the participants don’t know which experimental condition they are in. for example the participants and the researcher wouldn’t know who is taking a placebo

80
Q

what is researcher bias

A

when the researchers beliefs or expectations influence the research design or data collection process

81
Q

what are researcher effects

A

when a researcher unintentionally or unconsciously influences the outcome of any research they are conducting

82
Q

what s a raw data table in psychology

A

data that has been collected by researchers but has not yet been processed or analysed

unit 1 psychology (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions