self report f;ash cards Flashcards
what is an open question
This is a question where a participant can add whatever answer they like in a blank space
what is a closed question
You give a set of answers and they have to choose the most suitable one
what are the advanaages of a opem question
-rich detailed qualitative data
-doesnt force particular response
what are the disadvanatges of a open question
-difficult to plot
-time consuming
-responses may not be relevant to the questio
What are the advantages of a closed question
Easy to analyse
Created quantitate data
Easy to plot
What are the disadvantages of closed questions
Forces you to pick untrue answer
Lacks reasoning for responses
What is a ratings scale
This is a 1-10 scale On a particular subject
What are the advantages of a ratings scale
Easily comparable
Easy to analyse
More choice than closed questions can show how strong,y you feel it
What are the disadvantages of a ratings scale
If it’s even numbered forced choice as there is no neither nor answer
No reasoning
People may interpret scale differently
What is a likertscale
Use statements for which respondents tick how strongly they agree or disagree
What is a semantic differential
Use polar opposite words in which the respondent would to know close they feel to that
What are the different types of interview
Structured
Unstructured
Semi structured
What is the definition of a structured interview
The interviewer asks the same questions to every participant. Closed questions often used
What are the strengths of a structured interview
Same questions so standardised and replicable
Easily compatible responses
What is a semi structured interview
The interviewer will have a set of pre prepared questions to ask and is expected to ask all of them
Othe questions will be developed throughout the interview
What is a weakness of a structured interview
Cannot get interviewees to elaborate
What are the strengths of a semi structures interview
It allows interviewees to elaborate on what is said
What are the weaknesses of a semi structured interview
Interview is still likely to be constructed around pre determined questions
Difficult to compare responses
What is an unstructured interview
An unstructured Interview is one where the interviewer has topics to discuss but no set in stone questions
What are the advantages of an unstructured interview
It allows the participants to elaborate on what is said
What are the drawbacks of an unstructured interview
Very difficult to compare responses
What are the advantages of questionnaires
Questions are the same for everyone so therefore are standardised and replicable
Quick and easy
What are the disadvantages of a questionnaire
Can’t tailor questions to candidates
Connot build rapport
Low response rate
What are the advantages of an interview
TIlor questions to candidate
Better qualitative data
Allows you to build a rapport
What are the disadvantages of an interview
Questions are not standardised
Time consuming
Difficult to keep confidentiality
How would a leading question reduce the validity
It forces participants to answer I a certain way that they might not want to
How can leading questions be overcome
Rephrasing the question do it doesnt favour any opinion
How do socially desirable answers affect validity
Participants may lie be a socially desirable answer which may make the results inaccurate
How can you overcome socially desirable answers
By stating that the questionnaire or interview is anonymous so it won’t show others the participants real thoughts
how does a forced choice question affect validty
It forces participants to anwer a question that may not reflect how they actually feel
How does a forced choice question be overcome
add more optons to a question
how do demand charecterisitics affect the validity of a study
It makes participants answer how they think they should answer and not their actual beliefs
how can demand charecteristic be overcome
add smoke screen questions to hide the purpose of the study
how does a standard response set affect the validity of a study
It is not the respondants actual beliefs e.g someone always clicking agree
how could you overcome the affects of smokescreen questions
add different types of questions so that one cannot put the same thing for every one
how does respondants having to write their name affect the validity of a study
respondants may use socially desira=eabe answers
how can you overcome the affects of respondants writing their name on a study
make the study anonymous
how does researcher bias affect the validity of a study
results are subjective and bias to one side
twist participants response into supporting their views
how can you reduce the effects of researcher bias
you can use multiple researchers ——
what is internal consistency
QUESTIONS in an iq test
what is external consistency
results
what are the three levels of data
Nominal
Ordinal
Interval/ratio
what is nominal data
This is the lowest level of data
headcount of number of participants who do one thing compared to anoher
what is ordinal data
this is the medium level of data
analysis is made out of individual scores made by participants but only in reltion to each other. e.g 1/10
what is interval data
this is the highest level of data
involves the use of standard universal scales e.g kilograms
