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unit 1 psychology > Observation > Flashcards

Observation Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a research aim

A

The concept that the researcher is investigating. Reflects what is wanting to be found out

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2
Q

What is a research question

A

This must be a question with a ? At the end of the

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3
Q

What is a coding frame

A

This is a chart that uses a tally to look for specific behaviours

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4
Q

What is a structured observation

A

This is an observation where the behaviours that are being looked out for are presented in a coding frame before hand

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5
Q

What is an unstructured observation

A

This is an observation where the behaviours you are looking for are not noted down before hand

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6
Q

What is an advantage of a structured observation

A

Reliable data
Easily replicable
Produces quantitative data

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7
Q

What is a disadvantage of a structured observation

A

If coding frame is unclear and ambiguous low inter rated reliability

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8
Q

What are the advantages of an unstructured observation

A

More detailed qualitative data

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9
Q

What are the disadvantages of an unstructured observation

A

Difficult to analyse qualitative data
Risk of observer bias

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10
Q

What is a naturalistic observation

A

This is where you observe people in a natural environment

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11
Q

What are the advantages of a naturalistic observation

A

High ecological validity
More natural behaviours.

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12
Q

What are the disadvantages of a naturalistic observation

A

Hard to replicate
Not in control over extraneous variables

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13
Q

What is a controlled observation

A

You observe people in a controlled lab like situation

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14
Q

What are the advantages of a controlled observation

A

Replicated- standardised
Control over extraneous variables

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15
Q

What are the disadvantages of a controlled observation

A

Low ecological validity
Higher chance of demand charecteristics

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16
Q

What is a participant observation.

A

When the observer is amongst the people they are observing

17
Q

What are the advantages of a participant observation

A

Researcher unlikely to miss behaviours
Rich qualitative data

18
Q

What are the disadvantages of a participant observation

A

Researchers presence may influence participants behaviour

19
Q

What is a non participants observation

A

This is an observation where the observer is far away from the participants

20
Q

What are the advantages non participant observation

A

No effect of the researchers presence

21
Q

What are the disadvantages of non participant observation

A

Researcher may miss some behaviours

22
Q

What is a covert observation

A

Where the participants don’t know that they are being observed

23
Q

what are the advantages of a covert observation

A

natural charecteristics
high ecological validity
no socially desireable behaviour

24
Q

what are the disadvantages of a covert observation

A
  • ethical issues
  • may be difficult to collct data while remainin hidden
25
Q

what is an overt observation

A

This is an observation where the participants know that they are being watched

26
Q

what are the advantages of an overt observation

A

possible to obtaininformed consent

27
Q

what are the disadvantages of an overt observation

A

socially desireable charecteristics are shown

28
Q

what is event sampling

A

this is where the obervation is done over a period of time with no breaks

29
Q

what are the advantages of event sampling

A

-wont miss anything
-more data collected

30
Q

what are the disadvantages of event sampling

A

-time consuming
difficult to maintain concentration

31
Q

what is time sampling

A

This is where the behaviours are observed at reggular intervals

32
Q

what are the advantages of time sampling

A

less time consuming
easy to maintain concentration

33
Q

what are the disadvantages of time sampling

A

less data
,ay miss key behaviours

34
Q

what is a pilot study and how does it improve the reliability

A

-a practice run before the observation occurs
-allows you to figure out weaknesses in the cosing frame

35
Q

why does training the observers in how to use a coding frme improve reliability

A

-lets he observers know what they are looking for
-increases inter rater reliability

36
Q

why does carrying out an observation with a large sample improve the reliability

A
  • increased external reliability
    easier to spot a pattern and eliminate anomolies
37
Q

why carry out an observation with multiple observers

A

-uses inter rater reliability and allows the observers to compae teir results

38
Q

what is inter rater reliability

A

this would mean that if there is more than one person observing the same behaviour/individual or different observers watching different individuals, they should agree on the behaviour measured to have inter-rater/observer reliability

unit 1 psychology (6 decks)

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