The development of the Cold War Flashcards by G xxx

Q

What year did China become communist?

A

1949

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Q

What happened when China turned communist?

A

They agreed a treaty of friendship with the USSR

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Q

Who did China turn communist under?

A

Mao

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Q

Why did China turning communist cause tension?(4)

A

Truman’s containment failed
Fear communism would spread throughout Asia
USSR & China were very powerful together
Changed the power balance between the East and West

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Q

When was the Korean war?

A

1950-1953

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Q

When did North Korea invade South? With support of whom?

A

June 1950, with support from USSR&China

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Q

When did S Korea appeal to the UN? Why could Russia not vote on the decision?

A

July 1950, because they were boycotting the UN as they wouldn’t accept China

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Q

Why did the Korean War cause tensions?

A

First use of army/war
UN acted without the USSR
UN proved it would act

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Q

Who led the UN army in the Korean War? When was he sacked?

A

General MacArthur

April 1951

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Q

When was NATO formed?

A

April 1949

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Q

What was Truman’s main motive of NATO?

A

He could use NATO countries to provide US with secure bases

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Q

What was NATO formed in?

A

The berlin blockade

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Q

Why was NATO formed?

A

So all NATO countries would work together if a war broke out - most likely between USA and USSR

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Q

Why did Khrushchev form the Warsaw pact?

A

Because West Germany joined NATO and where allowed an army

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Q

When did the Warsaw pact emerge?

A

1955

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Q

Who was in the Warsaw pact?

A

Eastern european countries apart from Yugoslavia

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Q

When was the Vietnam war?

A

1955 until 1970s

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Q

Who was the leader of North Vietnam and who was he supported by?

A

HO CHI MINH supported by USSR and China

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Q

Who was the leader of South Vietnam and who was he supported by?

A

DIEM by American army

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Q

What tactics did north Vietnam use?

A

Guerilla tactics

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Q

What did american use a lot of in the vietnam war and what did this lead to?

A

Chemical weapons which led to the arms race

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Q

Why did the Vietnam war worsen the cold war?

A

Military action against each other was used

American citizens didn’t like it and wanted it to be over so American increased building weapons

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Q

What was the communist Vietnam army known as?

A

The vietcong

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Q

When did the arms race begin?

A

1949

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Why did the arms race begin?

USSR tests first atomic bomb which caused concern in USA as they didn't think USSR would have a bomb until 1953

What did the USA do in 1951?Regarding the arms race

SAC commander identifies 6,000 targets in USSR to be hit in event of war

What did the USA detonate in 1952?

The H-Bomb (1,000x more powerful than atom bomb)

When did the USSR detonate its own H-Bomb?

1953

What did the USSR test in 1954?

A H-Bomb from a bomber

What did the USSR build in 1966?

Anti-Ballistic Missile to protect Moscow

What was the space race?

Rivalry between USA and USSR on who could reach the moon first

When did soviets launch the 1st satellite in space?

October 1957

What was the 1st soviet satellite called?

Sputnik

When was the 2nd soviet satellite launched? What was it called and what was different?

November 1957 Sputnik 2 Carried a dog

When did the USA launch their first satellite? What was it called?

1958 | Explorer 1

When did the USA form NASA?

July 1958

What did the Soviets do in 1961 regarding the space race?

Sent first man into space - Yuri Gagarin

How did USA respond to Soviets getting a man into space before them?

They created Apollo space program and Kennedy said they would land a man on the moon within the decade

How long did the apollo space program last for?

1961-1975

When did the USA land the first man on the moon?

July 1969 - Neil Armstrong

What did the space race lead to regarding arms?

Space technology led to more dangerous missiles

What was Khrushchev's top secret rocket base called?

Baykonyr

What did the USSR launch in 1957 and what did it do?

Intercontinental ballistic missile which could be fired into space then land anywhere in the world

What caused panic in the USA in 1960?

The USA media reported a 'missile gap' which caused panic even though President Eisenhower knew there wasn't a missile gap because of secret intelligence

When did Stalin die?

1953

When did Khrushchev emerge as the new Soviet leader?

1955

What did Khrushchev do when he became leader?(4)

Ended feuds with China and Yugoslavia Talked of peaceful co-existence with the West Made plans to reduce arms spending Attended first post-war summit Relaxed Soviet control of Eastern Europe - agreeing to pull troops out of Austria

When was the first post-war summit and who was there?

1955 | USSR, USA, France and Britain

When did Khrushchev talk about destalinisation?

In a secret speech to communist party of Soviet union, he criticised Stalin's brutality and wanted to get rid of it

Why did Khrushchev not allow changes in the satellite states ?

As he feared it would end communism in Eastern Europe and break down their buffer zone against the West

What were the satellite states?

Poland, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, and East Germany

Who ruled Hungary before the Hungarian uprising and what did he do?

Rakosi Brutal leader Imprisoned over 200,000 who disagreed with him and killed 2000 of them with help of AVO When he retired: Erno Gero

Who were the AVO?

Secret police in Hungary under Rakosi

What were the causes of the Hungarian uprising?

Hungarian people want reform and want Imre Nagy to be their new communist leader

What did Rakosi allow which made Hungarian people suffer?

The USSR controlled Hungary's economy through comecon which meant they didn't trade with west

What year was the Hungarian uprising?

1956

When was the student demonstration which started the Hungarian uprising?

23 October 1956

What happened at the student demonstration? What did the USSR do about it?

Students pulled down giant statue of Stalin in Budapest | They allowed new gov to form under Nagy and they removed Soviet troops from Hungary

When did Nagy introduce reforms?

31st October 1956

What reforms did Nagy introduce and how did the USSR respond?

He wanted hungary to leave the warsaw pact, freedom of speech, free elections. USSR responds by sending 20,000 troops and 1000 tanks to crush the uprising. Took 2 weeks Hungary asked UN for help but they didn't

Why did the UN not help Hungary during the uprising?

Hungary too close to Russia - seen as an act of war | West were distracted by the Suez Crisis at the time

Consequences of the Hungarian Uprising?

Nagy fled to Yugoslavia but was then arrested then executed New leader was put in place by USSR: Kadar 4,000 Hungarians were killed and some fled Sent a warning to other communist countries

When did Nagy say Hungary was leaving the Warsaw pact and when did Soviet troops invade?

3rd November 1956 | 4th November 1956

When did spy flights over the USSR begin again after being banned by Truman for violating soviet air space?

1956 Under Presdient Eisenhower

What did the new spy plane the U-2 have?

Listening devices, cameras that could zoom in from 23,000 meters high and they flew so high that they couldn't be shot down by soviets

What did Khrushchev say about the USA's flights?

"They spat in the face of the soviets"

Why could Khrushchev not complain about the spy planes?

He had no proof and didn't want to admit that they didn't have the technology to shoot them down

When did a US U2 spy plane get shot down?

1960

Who was the pilot inside the U2 spy plane that was captured?

Gary Powers

What happened when the Soviets shot down the U2 plane?

Gary Powers parachuted to safety but was then captured, he was originally sentenced to 10 years in prison but was swapped for a soviet spy.

What was Eisenhowers response to the U2 plane being shot down?

He admitted to spying but refused to apologise and refused to say they wouldn't do it again which led to Khrushchev pulling out the Paris peace summit

What was Tsar Bomba? (King bomb)

A soviet atomic bomb, the largest of its kind ever produced