The development of the Cold War Flashcards by G xxx | Brainscape

Q

What year did China become communist?

A

1949

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Q

What happened when China turned communist?

A

They agreed a treaty of friendship with the USSR

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Q

Who did China turn communist under?

A

Mao

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Q

Why did China turning communist cause tension?(4)

A

Truman’s containment failed
Fear communism would spread throughout Asia
USSR & China were very powerful together
Changed the power balance between the East and West

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Q

When was the Korean war?

A

1950-1953

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Q

When did North Korea invade South? With support of whom?

A

June 1950, with support from USSR&China

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Q

When did S Korea appeal to the UN? Why could Russia not vote on the decision?

A

July 1950, because they were boycotting the UN as they wouldn’t accept China

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Q

Why did the Korean War cause tensions?

A

First use of army/war
UN acted without the USSR
UN proved it would act

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Q

Who led the UN army in the Korean War? When was he sacked?

A

General MacArthur

April 1951

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Q

When was NATO formed?

A

April 1949

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Q

What was Truman’s main motive of NATO?

A

He could use NATO countries to provide US with secure bases

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Q

What was NATO formed in?

A

The berlin blockade

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Q

Why was NATO formed?

A

So all NATO countries would work together if a war broke out - most likely between USA and USSR

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Q

Why did Khrushchev form the Warsaw pact?

A

Because West Germany joined NATO and where allowed an army

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Q

When did the Warsaw pact emerge?

A

1955

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Q

Who was in the Warsaw pact?

A

Eastern european countries apart from Yugoslavia

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Q

When was the Vietnam war?

A

1955 until 1970s

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Q

Who was the leader of North Vietnam and who was he supported by?

A

HO CHI MINH supported by USSR and China

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Q

Who was the leader of South Vietnam and who was he supported by?

A

DIEM by American army

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Q

What tactics did north Vietnam use?

A

Guerilla tactics

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Q

What did american use a lot of in the vietnam war and what did this lead to?

A

Chemical weapons which led to the arms race

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Q

Why did the Vietnam war worsen the cold war?

A

Military action against each other was used

American citizens didn’t like it and wanted it to be over so American increased building weapons

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Q

What was the communist Vietnam army known as?

A

The vietcong

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Q

When did the arms race begin?

A

1949

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Q

Why did the arms race begin?

A

USSR tests first atomic bomb which caused concern in USA as they didn’t think USSR would have a bomb until 1953

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Q

What did the USA do in 1951?Regarding the arms race

A

SAC commander identifies 6,000 targets in USSR to be hit in event of war

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Q

What did the USA detonate in 1952?

A

The H-Bomb (1,000x more powerful than atom bomb)

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Q

When did the USSR detonate its own H-Bomb?

A

1953

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Q

What did the USSR test in 1954?

A

A H-Bomb from a bomber

Q

What did the USSR build in 1966?

A

Anti-Ballistic Missile to protect Moscow

Q

What was the space race?

A

Rivalry between USA and USSR on who could reach the moon first

Q

When did soviets launch the 1st satellite in space?

A

October 1957

Q

What was the 1st soviet satellite called?

A

Sputnik

Q

When was the 2nd soviet satellite launched? What was it called and what was different?

A

November 1957
Sputnik 2
Carried a dog

Q

When did the USA launch their first satellite? What was it called?

A

1958

Explorer 1

Q

When did the USA form NASA?

A

July 1958

Q

What did the Soviets do in 1961 regarding the space race?

A

Sent first man into space - Yuri Gagarin

Q

How did USA respond to Soviets getting a man into space before them?

A

They created Apollo space program and Kennedy said they would land a man on the moon within the decade

Q

How long did the apollo space program last for?

A

1961-1975

Q

When did the USA land the first man on the moon?

A

July 1969 - Neil Armstrong

Q

What did the space race lead to regarding arms?

A

Space technology led to more dangerous missiles

Q

What was Khrushchev’s top secret rocket base called?

A

Baykonyr

Q

What did the USSR launch in 1957 and what did it do?

A

Intercontinental ballistic missile which could be fired into space then land anywhere in the world

Q

What caused panic in the USA in 1960?

A

The USA media reported a ‘missile gap’ which caused panic even though President Eisenhower knew there wasn’t a missile gap because of secret intelligence

Q

When did Stalin die?

A

1953

Q

When did Khrushchev emerge as the new Soviet leader?

A

1955

Q

What did Khrushchev do when he became leader?(4)

A

Ended feuds with China and Yugoslavia
Talked of peaceful co-existence with the West
Made plans to reduce arms spending
Attended first post-war summit
Relaxed Soviet control of Eastern Europe - agreeing to pull troops out of Austria

Q

When was the first post-war summit and who was there?

A

1955

USSR, USA, France and Britain

Q

When did Khrushchev talk about destalinisation?

A

In a secret speech to communist party of Soviet union, he criticised Stalin’s brutality and wanted to get rid of it

Q

Why did Khrushchev not allow changes in the satellite states ?

A

As he feared it would end communism in Eastern Europe and break down their buffer zone against the West

Q

What were the satellite states?

A

Poland, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, and East Germany

Q

Who ruled Hungary before the Hungarian uprising and what did he do?

A

Rakosi
Brutal leader
Imprisoned over 200,000 who disagreed with him and killed 2000 of them with help of AVO
When he retired: Erno Gero

Q

Who were the AVO?

A

Secret police in Hungary under Rakosi

Q

What were the causes of the Hungarian uprising?

A

Hungarian people want reform and want Imre Nagy to be their new communist leader

Q

What did Rakosi allow which made Hungarian people suffer?

A

The USSR controlled Hungary’s economy through comecon which meant they didn’t trade with west

Q

What year was the Hungarian uprising?

A

1956

Q

When was the student demonstration which started the Hungarian uprising?

A

23 October 1956

Q

What happened at the student demonstration? What did the USSR do about it?

A

Students pulled down giant statue of Stalin in Budapest

They allowed new gov to form under Nagy and they removed Soviet troops from Hungary

Q

When did Nagy introduce reforms?

A

31st October 1956

Q

What reforms did Nagy introduce and how did the USSR respond?

A

He wanted hungary to leave the warsaw pact, freedom of speech, free elections.
USSR responds by sending 20,000 troops and 1000 tanks to crush the uprising. Took 2 weeks
Hungary asked UN for help but they didn’t

Q

Why did the UN not help Hungary during the uprising?

A

Hungary too close to Russia - seen as an act of war

West were distracted by the Suez Crisis at the time

Q

Consequences of the Hungarian Uprising?

A

Nagy fled to Yugoslavia but was then arrested then executed
New leader was put in place by USSR: Kadar
4,000 Hungarians were killed and some fled
Sent a warning to other communist countries

Q

When did Nagy say Hungary was leaving the Warsaw pact and when did Soviet troops invade?

A

3rd November 1956

4th November 1956

Q

When did spy flights over the USSR begin again after being banned by Truman for violating soviet air space?

A

1956 Under Presdient Eisenhower

Q

What did the new spy plane the U-2 have?

A

Listening devices, cameras that could zoom in from 23,000 meters high and they flew so high that they couldn’t be shot down by soviets

Q

What did Khrushchev say about the USA’s flights?

A

“They spat in the face of the soviets”

Q

Why could Khrushchev not complain about the spy planes?

A

He had no proof and didn’t want to admit that they didn’t have the technology to shoot them down

Q

When did a US U2 spy plane get shot down?

A

1960

Q

Who was the pilot inside the U2 spy plane that was captured?

A

Gary Powers

Q

What happened when the Soviets shot down the U2 plane?

A

Gary Powers parachuted to safety but was then captured, he was originally sentenced to 10 years in prison but was swapped for a soviet spy.

Q

What was Eisenhowers response to the U2 plane being shot down?

A

He admitted to spying but refused to apologise and refused to say they wouldn’t do it again which led to Khrushchev pulling out the Paris peace summit

Q

What was Tsar Bomba? (King bomb)

A

A soviet atomic bomb, the largest of its kind ever produced