Civil rights in America Flashcards
When were Jim Crow laws set in place?
Late 1800s
When was the brown v board of education event?
1954
When was the Montgomery bus boycott?
1955
When was Little rock (Arkansas)?
1957
When were the Greensboro sit ins?
1960
When were the freedom rides?
1961
When were the Birmingham protests?
1963
When was the march on Washington?
1963
When was the 1st civil rights act passed?
1964
When was Selma?
1965
When was the ‘voting rights act’ passed?
1965
Who was the first civil rights act passed by?
Johnson
Who was the Voting rights act passed by?
Johnson
When was the National organisation for women set up? (NOW)
1966 by Betty Friedon
When was MLK assassinated?
1968
When was the black power fist event?
1968 at Mexico Olympics
When was the equal acts amendment?
1972
When was Roe v Wade?
1973
When was the second civil rights act passed?
1968
When was the equal pay act?
1963
When was the Economic opportunities act? And what was it?
1964
Improved education & training for disadvantaged youth so they could find work
What was the development act? And what did it do?
1964
Provided money to remove slum housing
When was the Medicare and Medicaid act and what was it?
1965
Provided medical insurance for over 65s and hospital care for poor
What was Brown V Board of education?
Linda brown’s father - Oliver brown took a case to court about his daughter having to go to a black school when they lived near a white one
Which group supported the Brown V Board education case? What did they argue?
NAACP
They argued segregated schools were unequal and went against ‘segregated but equal’ law
Who was in favour of the NAACP in the Brown V Board of education case?
Top judge
When did the law pass that all schools had to accept black and white students?
1954
How did Brown V Board advance the civil rights movement? (3)
Big step towards overall desegregation
Had been a long time since supreme court favoured integration over segregation
Encouraged NAACP to campaign for desegregation in other areas
How did Brown V Board hinder the civil rights movement?(5)
Supreme court put no time frame on when schools had to desegregate - this allowed states to postpone introduction of the law
KKK action increased
White citizen council formed in southern states to defend segregation (250,000 members by 1956)
NACCP faced backlash and were outlawed in Alabama
Decision didn’t end segregation anywhere else
What happened at the Montgomery bus boycott?
1st Dec-Rosa parks was arrested for refusing to give up her seat for a white man.
NACCP arranged boycott of public buses to begin 5th Dec
Bus company lost money
Montgomery Improvement Association started media campaign, extended boycott time and did speeches
Boycott lasted 381 days. Bus company lost 61% of income.
Dec 21st 1956, Segregation made illegal
What was the MIA?
Montgomery Improvement Association
How many people came to hear MIA first speech (Spoken by MLK)?
10,000-15,000
How long did Montgomery bus boycott last?
381 days
How much of the bus company’s income was lost in the Montgomery bus boycott?
61%
When was segregation made illegal across America?
Dec 21st 1956
Successes of Montgomery bus boycott?(3)
After bus desegregation so were all transport methods as segregation was outlawed across America
MLK emerged as civil rights leader
Encouraged NAACP to continue campaigns
‘Failures’ of Montgomery bus boycott?(3)
Took a long time
Black community experienced violence - bombings, churches set alight, integrated buses were shot at
MIA’s leaders suffered - MLK arrested twice
Who was involved in the Montgomery bus boycott? (Main figures)
Rosa parks
MIA - President of this: MLK
What happened at Little rock nine?
NAACP recruited 9 African American students to test school desegregation at Little Rock High
4th September 1957- 9 students attempted to enter but were turned away by armed soldiers. One student (Elizabeth Eckford) was abused by bystanders
24th September 1957 - Students returned protected by 100 army troops sent by Eisenhower. Troops stayed for 6 weeks
What were key dates in Little rock nine?
4th September 1957
24th September 1957
Where was Little rock nine?
Arkansas
Successes of Little rock nine?(3)
Eisenhower supported - showed national gov were starting to support civil rights
May 1958, Ernest green became first African American to graduate from little rock high
NAACP successfully challenged states
Education was desegregated
