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History Cold War > The Development Of The Cold War > Flashcards

The Development Of The Cold War Flashcards

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1
Q

When was the Truman Doctrine annonced

A

March 1947

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2
Q

When was the Marshall Aid Plan announced?

A

June 1947

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3
Q

What was Truman told about the ability of the USSR’s army?

A

They were unable to fight a sucessful war due to WW2 devestating them

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4
Q

Why were many country’s drawn to communism?

A

Due to WW2 many homes, factories, roads, railways were destroyed this made communism look attractive to a lot of people

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5
Q

What did the British government announce in 1947?

A

They would no longer provide military support to the Greek government

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6
Q

How was the Truman doctrine announced?

When?

A

12 March 1947 Truman delivered a speach to congress saying that the USA would use force to contain communism

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7
Q

Give an example of the Truman Doctrine in place?

A

The US sent military personel to Greece ans Turkey

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8
Q

Who was Greece occupied by in WW2

A

Germany

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9
Q

What happened to Greece after WW2 ended?

A

The communist group and pro-loyalist group fought and this forced the UK to restore the monarchy.

In 1949 the communists were deffeted and they fled to Albania

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10
Q

What was the Marshall Aid Plan?

A

Created by the secetary of state George Marshall

this gave the government power to give economic aid to war torn countrys from WW2 who were fighting communism

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11
Q

What was the US political polity before WW2 and after?

A

Before: Isolationism

After: Containment

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12
Q

When did the US end it’s isolationism?

A

After the pearl harbor attacks of 7th December 1941

After the war ended in 1945 many people wanted the US to return to the period of isolationism

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13
Q

Give a reason why the US had used isolationism

A

The decleration of independence said that they would stay out of forign affairs

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14
Q

Why was the US in a good position to provide economic aid to Europe?

A

US infunstructure and business hadn’t been destroyed in the same way as European countrys

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15
Q

How much money was given to the UK?

A

$3,297 million

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16
Q

How much money was given to France

A

$2,296 million

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17
Q

How much money was given to West Germany

A

$1,448 million

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18
Q

How much money was given to Italy?

A

$1,204 million

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19
Q

How much money was given to the Netherlands?

A

$1,128 million

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20
Q

How much money was given to Belgium and Luxembourg?

A

$777 million

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21
Q

How much money was given to Austria?

A

$468 million

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22
Q

How much money was given to Denmark?

A

$385 million

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23
Q

How much money was given to Greece

A

$376 million

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24
Q

How much money was given to “Other nations”

A

$1,352 million

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25
Q

How much money did the Marshall plan give?

A

Between 1948-1952 it gave $12.7 billion in addition of $13 billion already given

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26
Q

What did the british foreign secetary call the Marshall plan?

A

“A lifeline to sinking men, giving hope where there was none”

Ernest Bevin

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27
Q

Who was the british foregon secretary in 1952

A

Ernest Bevin

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28
Q

Why didn’t Eastern European country’s benifit from the Marshall plan?

A

Stalin would never accept the aid

The Truman Doctrine said that they would prevent the spread of communism. This didn:t include countrys that were already communist.

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29
Q

How did the Marshall plan help groups of people?

A

Norwegian fishermen

It granted mules for Greek farmers

Gave food for starving people

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30
Q

Which future politition was helped by the Marshall plan?

A

Helmut Kohl was given soup paid for by the Marshall plan. He grew up to become the first chanceller of a reunited Germany

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31
Q

What was doller imperialism?

A

The belief by the Soviet Union that the USA was splitting Europe into 2 divided ecomomic sections

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32
Q

How did the Soviet Union view the Marshall plan?

A

Doller Imperialism

A way that the Americans were extending there controll in Europe

A way which the USA was undermining the United Nations by sugesting that it was there job to protect the world

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33
Q

What effects did the Truman Doctrine and the Marshall Plan have on International relations?

A

The belief of the grand allience was gone (if anyone still belived in it)

The USA was shown to be in direct opposition to the Soviet Union

Stalin was more suspisios of the west and his fears that they wanted communism gone were reinforced

Comecon was set up

The Marshall plan tied Western European countrys to USA’s side

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34
Q

When was cominform set up?

A

September 1947

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35
Q

Who set up cominform?

A

It was set up on Stalins orders

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36
Q

How many members did cominform have on the 22nd of September 1947?

A

9

Including communist partus from France, Italy and Yugoslavia

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37
Q

Where were the HQ of Cominform set up?

Why?

A

Belgrade because Tito was a big supporter of it

However in 1948 GROWING TENTIONS between the USSR and Yugoslavia caused the latter to be KICKED OUT of the party in JUNE and the HQ was moved to BUCHAREST in Romania

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38
Q

How did Cominform benefit Stalin?

A

He was able to directly controll satallite states

He could encourage members to only trade with each other.

He could spread anti american propoganda. He accused the Americans as being no better than the Nazis

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39
Q

When waa Comecon set up?

A

25th January 1949

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40
Q

What was Comecon?

A

A rival economic aid scheem with the Marshall plan which aimed to support economic growth in the sattalite states so that people would like communism.

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41
Q

What were comecons first main activities?

A

Organising trade between the members

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42
Q

What did the USSR use Comecon for?

When?

A

After 1953 the USSR used Comecon to organise industrial planning across the members of comecon

Trade with the West was still discouraged

43
Q

How were comecon members developing?

A

Each member had a 5 year plan to industrilise

44
Q

How had Bulgarias trade with other comecon members increased/decreased?

A

In the 1930 about 10% of Bulgaria’s trade was with the “satallite states” (although they wern’t satallite states yet)

This increased to 90% in 1951

45
Q

What were the effects of the creation of cominform and comecon?

A

Increased tentions

Lead to the creation of NATO

46
Q

How did tentions effect how long the superpowers stayed in Germany

A

At potsdam the division of Germnay was suppost to be tempoary however this ended up lasting for many years.

47
Q

What was it like to live in Gemany?

A

There were soilders on the streets and checkpoints between militray zones even in Berlin

48
Q

How did Germany transform from 1945-1948

A

In 1945 there were 4 different zones (spliting Germany and Belin) controlled by: USSR, USA, UK and France.

In 1948 the USA, UK and French zones in Germany and Berlin joined together into Trizonia

49
Q

What did the USA, UK and France call there bit of Germany/Berlin?

A

Trizonia

50
Q

What did the Soviets want from Germany?

A

To take as mich material from it to help rebuild the Soviet Union

51
Q

What did the Western countrys want from Germnay?

A

To rebuild the economy of Germany to avoid another war as The Treaty of Versailles showed that a demolished Germany would lead to another war.

52
Q

What happened in talks about Germany?

A

In December 1947 the Soviet foreign minister stormed out. Leading to worsened relations

53
Q

What did the USA and UK do with there German zones at first?

A

Joined them into Bizonia in 1947

Latter the french joined to form Trizonia by 1948

54
Q

What did Trizonia do to annoy the Soviet Union.

When?

Where?

A

They created a currancy (the Deutshmark). This gave Trizonia economic unity

June 1948

It happened in a ACC meeting

55
Q

Why did the Soviets oppose the Deutschmark?

A

It created a seperat economic unit from the east

It showed that there were 2 different Germnays when each side pretended that there was only one (the one which they controlled)

56
Q

What were Stalin’s belifes about Germany?

A

It should be a single state under communism rule

57
Q

What were the effects of the seperation of Germany?

A

Further increased tentions

The Berlin airlift

58
Q

What was the Berlin Airlift also known as?

A

Opperation Vittles

59
Q

How many routes were there between Trizonia and Berlin?

A

2 land routes

2 air routes

60
Q

When did Stalin shut off the land routes between Trizonia and Berlin

A

June 1948. This became known as the Berlin blockade

61
Q

What was the Soviets aims with the Berlin Blockade?

A

He wanted to show the west that a divided Germany wouldn’t work

Winning a huge propaganda victory …

He wanted to get the west to give up West Berlin which he could make communist

62
Q

Why would the Berlin Blockade be effective?

A

There was no practical way to transport food and suplies into West Berlin so the inhabitance would starve

Trizonia couldn’t communicate with West Berlin

63
Q

Why were the west always going to get involved in Berlin?

A

Stalin knew Truman wouldn’t ignore the blockade due to his speach about stopping communism

64
Q

What opptions did the allies have to deal with the Berlin Blockade?

A

Fly the supplies in

Force there way through the blockade

65
Q

What are the problems with forcing their way through the blockade?

A

It could be seen as an act of war and would make the west look like the agressers.

Also no one wanted war because of the new bombs

66
Q

What were the advantages of flying to West Berlin?

A

It would be a big propaganda victory for the west
If Stalin shot down the planes he would look like the agressor
It would supply West Berlin
It would show the USA, UK and France’s power
It would show Captalism as powerful

67
Q

What are the disadvantages of flying supplies in?

A

Stalin could shoot down the plane

68
Q

Give examples of what the west flew in?

A

Coal, food and other necesities

69
Q

Where was a new runway built?

A

Berlin-Tempelhof

70
Q

Where was a new airport built?

A

Berlin-Tegel

71
Q

How did the citizens of West Berlin support the airlift?

A

The citizens and soilders helped build a new runway at the old airport - Berlin-Tempelhof. And by building a whole new airport at Berlin-Tegel.

They helped unload the the plans and distribute them to their fellow citizens

72
Q

Why did the Germans dislike the Soviet Union?

A

At the end of WW2 they commited a bunch of atrocities in revenge for what the Nazis had done

73
Q

On avarage how much supplies were the americans able to fly in each day?

A

1,000 tones

74
Q

How much supplies was flown in it January 1949?

A

About 170,000 tones

75
Q

What were the effetcs of the Berlin Blockade?

A

Lead to the formation of West and East Germany

May have lead more nations to join NATO

76
Q

What was West Germany’s offical name?

A

The federal republic of Germany

77
Q

When did the Berlin Blockade end?

A

20 May 1949

78
Q

When was the Federal Republic of Germany formed?

A

3 days after the end of the Berlin Blockade.

23rd May 1949

79
Q

What happened on the 14th August 1949

A

Germans were alloud to elect there own government called the Bundestag

80
Q

What was the new West German government called?

A

The Bundestag

81
Q

When were the Germans alloud to elect their own parliment

A

14th August 1949

82
Q

What happened on the 15th September?

A

Konrad Adenauer (the first democraticly elected chanceller of West Germany was ellected)

83
Q

When was the first chancellor of West Germany elected?

A

15th Spetember 1949

84
Q

What was the capital of West Germany?

A

Bonn

85
Q

What was East Germany called?

A

The German Democrat Republic

86
Q

When was the German Democratic Republic created?

Who recognised it?

A

October 1949 in response to the creation of the Federal Republic of Germany

Only the other communist countrys recognised it

87
Q

When did the Federal Republic recognise the German Democratic Republic?

A

In the 1970’s

88
Q

When was NATO made?

A

April 1949

89
Q

What lead to the creation of NATO?

A

Stalins threats to Berlin

The communist takeover in Czechoslovakia

They wanted to send a firm message to Stalin about there determination to stand firm against communsim

The Truman Doctrine didn’t ensure that the US would send troops to deffend Europe but this did

90
Q

What does NATO stand for?

A

North Atlantic Treaty Organisation

91
Q

Who were the original members of NATO?

A

USA, UK, France and 9 others

92
Q

What military decision did NATO members commit to?

A

If onenation was attacked they would all come to it’s assistance

93
Q

Who was the British foreign secretary in 1949?

A

Ernest Bevin

94
Q

What did the British foreign secretary say to otherEuropean countrys?

A

They should welcome the USA

95
Q

What was the impacts of NATO?

A

Lead to the creation of the Warsaw Pact

Lead to the US having a military presence in Europe even now

Worsened relations

96
Q

When was the Warsaw Pact created?

A

1955

After West Germany was alloud to join NATO in May 1955

It happened within a week

97
Q

What did the countrys in the Warsaw Pact become known as?

A

The Eastern bloc

98
Q

Who controlled the Warsaw Pact?

A

Enteriallty controlled by the USSR

99
Q

Give a name of a russian spy in the Manhatten program?

A

Claus Fucks

100
Q

How far could the ICBM shoot?

A

4,500km

101
Q

When did the Spunknit satalite go into space?

A

October 1957

102
Q

What happened to the Spuntnik satalite?

A

After 3 weeks it’s batteries died so it couldn’t be communicated to and stayed in orbit for 2 months

103
Q

What was the largest bomb ever created?

A

Tsar Bomba (50MT)

History Cold War (9 decks)

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