The Development Of The Cold War Flashcards
When was the Truman Doctrine annonced
March 1947
When was the Marshall Aid Plan announced?
June 1947
What was Truman told about the ability of the USSR’s army?
They were unable to fight a sucessful war due to WW2 devestating them
Why were many country’s drawn to communism?
Due to WW2 many homes, factories, roads, railways were destroyed this made communism look attractive to a lot of people
What did the British government announce in 1947?
They would no longer provide military support to the Greek government
How was the Truman doctrine announced?
When?
12 March 1947 Truman delivered a speach to congress saying that the USA would use force to contain communism
Give an example of the Truman Doctrine in place?
The US sent military personel to Greece ans Turkey
Who was Greece occupied by in WW2
Germany
What happened to Greece after WW2 ended?
The communist group and pro-loyalist group fought and this forced the UK to restore the monarchy.
In 1949 the communists were deffeted and they fled to Albania
What was the Marshall Aid Plan?
Created by the secetary of state George Marshall
this gave the government power to give economic aid to war torn countrys from WW2 who were fighting communism
What was the US political polity before WW2 and after?
Before: Isolationism
After: Containment
When did the US end it’s isolationism?
After the pearl harbor attacks of 7th December 1941
After the war ended in 1945 many people wanted the US to return to the period of isolationism
Give a reason why the US had used isolationism
The decleration of independence said that they would stay out of forign affairs
Why was the US in a good position to provide economic aid to Europe?
US infunstructure and business hadn’t been destroyed in the same way as European countrys
How much money was given to the UK?
$3,297 million
How much money was given to France
$2,296 million
How much money was given to West Germany
$1,448 million
How much money was given to Italy?
$1,204 million
How much money was given to the Netherlands?
$1,128 million
How much money was given to Belgium and Luxembourg?
$777 million
How much money was given to Austria?
$468 million
How much money was given to Denmark?
$385 million
How much money was given to Greece
$376 million
How much money was given to “Other nations”
$1,352 million
How much money did the Marshall plan give?
Between 1948-1952 it gave $12.7 billion in addition of $13 billion already given
What did the british foreign secetary call the Marshall plan?
“A lifeline to sinking men, giving hope where there was none”
Ernest Bevin
Who was the british foregon secretary in 1952
Ernest Bevin
Why didn’t Eastern European country’s benifit from the Marshall plan?
Stalin would never accept the aid
The Truman Doctrine said that they would prevent the spread of communism. This didn:t include countrys that were already communist.
How did the Marshall plan help groups of people?
Norwegian fishermen
It granted mules for Greek farmers
Gave food for starving people
Which future politition was helped by the Marshall plan?
Helmut Kohl was given soup paid for by the Marshall plan. He grew up to become the first chanceller of a reunited Germany
What was doller imperialism?
The belief by the Soviet Union that the USA was splitting Europe into 2 divided ecomomic sections
How did the Soviet Union view the Marshall plan?
Doller Imperialism
A way that the Americans were extending there controll in Europe
A way which the USA was undermining the United Nations by sugesting that it was there job to protect the world
What effects did the Truman Doctrine and the Marshall Plan have on International relations?
The belief of the grand allience was gone (if anyone still belived in it)
The USA was shown to be in direct opposition to the Soviet Union
Stalin was more suspisios of the west and his fears that they wanted communism gone were reinforced
Comecon was set up
The Marshall plan tied Western European countrys to USA’s side
When was cominform set up?
September 1947
Who set up cominform?
It was set up on Stalins orders
How many members did cominform have on the 22nd of September 1947?
9
Including communist partus from France, Italy and Yugoslavia
Where were the HQ of Cominform set up?
Why?
Belgrade because Tito was a big supporter of it
However in 1948 GROWING TENTIONS between the USSR and Yugoslavia caused the latter to be KICKED OUT of the party in JUNE and the HQ was moved to BUCHAREST in Romania
How did Cominform benefit Stalin?
He was able to directly controll satallite states
He could encourage members to only trade with each other.
He could spread anti american propoganda. He accused the Americans as being no better than the Nazis
When waa Comecon set up?
25th January 1949
What was Comecon?
A rival economic aid scheem with the Marshall plan which aimed to support economic growth in the sattalite states so that people would like communism.
What were comecons first main activities?
Organising trade between the members