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History Cold War > Attempts To Reduce Tension 1969-79 > Flashcards

Attempts To Reduce Tension 1969-79 Flashcards

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1
Q

When was Nixon elected President?

A

January 1968

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2
Q

Who was elected in 1969?

A

Willy Brandt was elected Chancellor of west Germany

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3
Q

Explain MAD?

A

Mutual Assured Destruction

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4
Q

What was detente?

A

A period of time in the 1970’s where there was an attempt to create better superpower relations

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5
Q

What was the SLBM?

A

Submarine-Launched Ballistic Missiles

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6
Q

When did the USA develope the SLBM?

A

1960

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7
Q

When did the USSR develop the SLBM?

A

1968

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8
Q

When did the USSR develop the ABM?

A

1968

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9
Q

When did the USA develop the ABM

A

1972

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10
Q

What was an AMB?

A

Anti-Ballistic Missiles that were designed to intercept ICBMs

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11
Q

Why was detente good for the USA?

A

Avoided nuclear war
Nixon wanted to focus on getting the USA out of Vietnam
There was rioting about racist inequality

Nixon wanted to spend less money developing weapons and more trying to solve problems at home

Let there econemy recover

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12
Q

Why was Vietnam bad for the USA?

A

They were loosing*
It was costing them billion of dollers
Almost 60,000 american soilder deaths
There were large scale demonstartions against the war

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13
Q

Why was detente for the USSR?

A

They wanted to let their econemy recover
They wanted to spend more money developing there country
They thiught it would be a safer policy as the USA was loosing in Vietnam (proving they could be beaten) and thy thought they were th US’s nuclear equal

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14
Q

What pollicy did Willy Brandt follow?

A

Ostpoltik - this invilved building better relations between the east and west

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15
Q

Explain Henry Kissinger?

A

He win a noble peace prize for his help in ending US involvment in Vietnam.

Nixion appointed Kissinger as national security adviser and in 1973 he took Kissinger to the USSR with him in a visit

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16
Q

What does SALT stand for?

A

Strategic arms limitaions treaty

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17
Q

What was SALT 1 signed?

A

May 1972

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18
Q

What did SALT 1 do?

A

ABM’s were only aloud at 2 sites and each side could only have a maxiumum of 100 missiles

Restrictions on the amount of ICBM’s and SLBM’s each side can have

No wareheads on the sea floor

Both sides agreed to try not to make nuclear war

19
Q

Due to SALT 1 how many ICBM’s was the USA alloud?

A

1,054

20
Q

Due to SALT 1 how many ICBM’s was the USSR alloud?

A

1618

21
Q

Due to SALT 1 how many SLBM’s were alloud?

A

740

22
Q

Why were the USSR alloud more ICBM’s?

A

The USA had more strategic bombers

23
Q

Why was SALT 1 week?

A

If nuclear war looked likely it was unrealistic to expect either side to avoid it

The treaty didn’t cover the lattest technology

24
Q

What were MIRV’s?

A

They could carry multiple nuclear warheads on a single missile

25
Q

What were the benefits of SALT 1?

A

It had a big symbolic importance

It showed that the superpowers wanted a safer world

26
Q

Which president visited Moscow

When?

A

Nixon

Shortly after signing SALT 1

27
Q

When did Brezhnev visit Washington?

A

1973

28
Q

Why was the ICBM’s and SLBM’s part of the treaty interium?

A

It was tempreary

29
Q

When where the Helsinki accords signed?

A

It was anounced in August 1975

30
Q

When and who met to start making the Helsinki accords?

A

In 1973

33 NATO and Warsaw Pact countries

31
Q

What wer ethe 3 main baskets in the Helsinki Accords?

A

European boarders
International co-operation
Human rights

32
Q

Explain European boarders?

A

Boarders can’t be altered by force

Good for the USSR
Bad for the USA

33
Q

Explain international co-operation?

A

Continuing to work together including a joint space mission, trade agreements and technology exchanges

Good for the USSR
Bad for the USA

34
Q

Explain Human rights?

A

All oartys need to respect human rights and individual freedom

Bad for the USSR
Good for the USA

35
Q

What was the joint space mission?

A

Apollo-soyuz

36
Q

When was the joint space mission?

A

1975

37
Q

Explain SALT 2?

A

It was signed by Carter onthe 18th June 1979. It was highly tecnical.

38
Q

What did SALT 2 include?

A

It included restricions on missile sites, strategic bombers as well as a ban on testing new ICBM’s or deploying them

39
Q

What lead to the abandonment of SALT 2

A

Americans saw there country as being week

Carters own administration daid they should be more powerful

Islamic militants captured the US embacy

Soviet invasion of Afghanistan

40
Q

What happened in November 1979?

A

Islamic Militants captured the US embacy in Tehran. American diplomats and their families were publicly humiliated and more than 60 of them were held hostage for 444 days.

This lead to many people wanting the US to assert it’s power abroad

41
Q

When was the US embacy captured?

A

November 1979

42
Q

Give an example of someone inside the Carter administration who wanted the US to be more assertive?

A

Zbigniew Brzezinski

43
Q

What finaly made Carter withdraw SALT 2 from the senate?

A

The Sofiet invasion of Afghanistan

History Cold War (9 decks)

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