Attempts To Reduce Tension 1969-79 Flashcards
When was Nixon elected President?
January 1968
Who was elected in 1969?
Willy Brandt was elected Chancellor of west Germany
Explain MAD?
Mutual Assured Destruction
What was detente?
A period of time in the 1970’s where there was an attempt to create better superpower relations
What was the SLBM?
Submarine-Launched Ballistic Missiles
When did the USA develope the SLBM?
1960
When did the USSR develop the SLBM?
1968
When did the USSR develop the ABM?
1968
When did the USA develop the ABM
1972
What was an AMB?
Anti-Ballistic Missiles that were designed to intercept ICBMs
Why was detente good for the USA?
Avoided nuclear war
Nixon wanted to focus on getting the USA out of Vietnam
There was rioting about racist inequality
Nixon wanted to spend less money developing weapons and more trying to solve problems at home
Let there econemy recover
Why was Vietnam bad for the USA?
They were loosing*
It was costing them billion of dollers
Almost 60,000 american soilder deaths
There were large scale demonstartions against the war
Why was detente for the USSR?
They wanted to let their econemy recover
They wanted to spend more money developing there country
They thiught it would be a safer policy as the USA was loosing in Vietnam (proving they could be beaten) and thy thought they were th US’s nuclear equal
What pollicy did Willy Brandt follow?
Ostpoltik - this invilved building better relations between the east and west
Explain Henry Kissinger?
He win a noble peace prize for his help in ending US involvment in Vietnam.
Nixion appointed Kissinger as national security adviser and in 1973 he took Kissinger to the USSR with him in a visit
What does SALT stand for?
Strategic arms limitaions treaty
What was SALT 1 signed?
May 1972
What did SALT 1 do?
ABM’s were only aloud at 2 sites and each side could only have a maxiumum of 100 missiles
Restrictions on the amount of ICBM’s and SLBM’s each side can have
No wareheads on the sea floor
Both sides agreed to try not to make nuclear war
Due to SALT 1 how many ICBM’s was the USA alloud?
1,054
Due to SALT 1 how many ICBM’s was the USSR alloud?
1618
Due to SALT 1 how many SLBM’s were alloud?
740
Why were the USSR alloud more ICBM’s?
The USA had more strategic bombers
Why was SALT 1 week?
If nuclear war looked likely it was unrealistic to expect either side to avoid it
The treaty didn’t cover the lattest technology
What were MIRV’s?
They could carry multiple nuclear warheads on a single missile
What were the benefits of SALT 1?
It had a big symbolic importance
It showed that the superpowers wanted a safer world
Which president visited Moscow
When?
Nixon
Shortly after signing SALT 1
When did Brezhnev visit Washington?
1973
Why was the ICBM’s and SLBM’s part of the treaty interium?
It was tempreary
When where the Helsinki accords signed?
It was anounced in August 1975
When and who met to start making the Helsinki accords?
In 1973
33 NATO and Warsaw Pact countries
What wer ethe 3 main baskets in the Helsinki Accords?
European boarders
International co-operation
Human rights
Explain European boarders?
Boarders can’t be altered by force
Good for the USSR
Bad for the USA
Explain international co-operation?
Continuing to work together including a joint space mission, trade agreements and technology exchanges
Good for the USSR
Bad for the USA
Explain Human rights?
All oartys need to respect human rights and individual freedom
Bad for the USSR
Good for the USA
What was the joint space mission?
Apollo-soyuz
When was the joint space mission?
1975
Explain SALT 2?
It was signed by Carter onthe 18th June 1979. It was highly tecnical.
What did SALT 2 include?
It included restricions on missile sites, strategic bombers as well as a ban on testing new ICBM’s or deploying them
What lead to the abandonment of SALT 2
Americans saw there country as being week
Carters own administration daid they should be more powerful
Islamic militants captured the US embacy
Soviet invasion of Afghanistan
What happened in November 1979?
Islamic Militants captured the US embacy in Tehran. American diplomats and their families were publicly humiliated and more than 60 of them were held hostage for 444 days.
This lead to many people wanting the US to assert it’s power abroad
When was the US embacy captured?
November 1979
Give an example of someone inside the Carter administration who wanted the US to be more assertive?
Zbigniew Brzezinski
What finaly made Carter withdraw SALT 2 from the senate?
The Sofiet invasion of Afghanistan
