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History Cold War > The Cuban Missile Crisis > Flashcards

The Cuban Missile Crisis Flashcards

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1
Q

How far away was Cuba from America?

A

145km from us mainland

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2
Q

What dod Eisenhower do about the Cuban revolution?

A

In July 1960 Eisenhower reduced the amount of Sugar they would buy from Cuba (to try and effect Cuba) and in October banned all trade with Cuba

In January 1961 the USA broke off all diplomatic relations with Cuba

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3
Q

What did Kennedy do when he was ellected in 1961?

A

He approved plans of a “sure victory” by the CIA

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4
Q

What was proposed for the Bay of Pigs?

A

Group of Cuban exiles would be trained and invade Cuba to overthrow Castro.

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5
Q

Why did the USA use Cuban exiles in the bay of pigs?

A

So it would look like an Cuban attack with no US involvment

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6
Q

When did the Bay of Pigs happen?

A

17th April 1961

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7
Q

How big of a force was the bay of pigs?

A

1,400

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8
Q

What did the US want from the bay of pigs?

A

The topple Castro
Reverce his reform
Get there land back
Stop communism in Cuba

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9
Q

Why did the Bay of Pigs fail?

A

The volenteers had little military experience and were no match for the battle-hardened Cuban revolutionary army

The US wanted to hide there involvment so they didn’t send any ground support or air support

Castro knew of the plan to invade and therefore sent 20,000 troops waiting

USA though that Cubans would support them but they were wrong

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10
Q

What did the USA do to lend air support?

A

The US disguised some planes with Cuban flags

However Kennedy also withdrew air support

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11
Q

What did Castro do after the bay of Pigs attack?

A

He showed pictures of wrecked aeroplanes and other evidence of a Cuban vicotrys for a big propoganda victory and a humiliation for the USA

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12
Q

What were the effects of the bay of pigs incident on the Superpower relations?

A

It was a humiliating deffete for the USA
It made Castro declear that Cuba was a socialist country to get help from the USSR
In September 1961 Khrushchev anounced that he would provide arms to Cuba
It made the USA look like hypicrits as they were condeming the USSR of influencing Eastern Europe

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13
Q

What happened on the 14th October?

A

A U2 spy plane took photos of launch pads for medium ranged balistic missliles in Cuba

Kennedy was informed of a fleet of Soviet ships presumable bringing the missles themself

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14
Q

Why did Khrushchev want to put missles of Cuba?

A

NATO had missles in Turkey
This may have been a baragining move to get the Turkey missles removed
Khrushchev needed to look strong as he was looking week
If the americans overthrew Casto it would look like a communism deffet
It would improve the Soviet’s barganing position by a lot

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15
Q

How long did the missles need to become activational?

A

Defense secetary Robert McNamara said it would take 2 weeks

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16
Q

Why did Kennedy decide to act against the threat of Soviet missiles in Cuba?

A
  • It endangered US cities and millions of US citizens
  • It would be seen as a blow to the USA’s national pride
  • He has elections comming up and he needs to look like a good precident. This could ensure his re-election
  • Negotiations will get harder is the USSR have missiles based in Cuba
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17
Q

What were Kennedys options to deal with the Cuban Missile Crisis?

A

Invade Cuba

Bomb Cuba

Sink Soviet Ships heading to cuba (quarenteen)

Nuke Cuba

Do nothing

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18
Q

When were the 13 days?

A

16-28 October 1962

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19
Q

What happened on the 16th October 1962?

A

Kennedy called ExComm together (they met every day)

20
Q

What happened on the 22nd October?

A

Kennedy decides not to attack but to set up a naval blockade around Cuba

21
Q

What haloened on the 24th October?

A

The Soviet ships reached the blockad and turned around

22
Q

What happened on the 27th of October?

What was the reaction?

A

A U2 spy plane was shot down over Cuba

The Hawks wanted military action but Kennedy refused

23
Q

Who was Kennedy’s secretary of state during the crisis?

A

Dean Rusk

24
Q

What did the US secretary of state tell Kennedy?

A

I think the other guy just blinked

25
Q

What did Kennedy do in preperation for war?

A

He scrambled 54 bombers each with 4 nuclear warheads

26
Q

What happened on the 26th October?

A

Khrushchev sent a telegram to Kennedy offering to remove the missiles from Cuba if America agreed not to invade Cuba

27
Q

What happned on the 27th October? (Diplomatic)

A

Hapoened before Kennedy could reply to the first one

Khrushchev added that he also wanted the missiles from Turkey removed

28
Q

Who were the Hawks?

A

ExCommwas split into Hawks and doves

Doves wanted peace
Hawks wanted military action and war

29
Q

How did Kennedy respond to the 2 telegrams?

A

He ignored the second telegram and agreed to not invade Cuba in exchange for Khrushchev removing the missiles

30
Q

What happend on the 28th October?

A

Khrushchev agreed to Kennedys responce

31
Q

What was JFK’s brother Robert Kennedys role?

A

He secretly hadmet with the Soviet ambassador in Washington and agreed to remove the Turkish missiles.

Hiwever this was kept secret

32
Q

What did the Cuban Missile Crisis lead the USA and USSR to?

A

Brinksmanship (where both contrys are at the brink of war

33
Q

What happened as a result of the Cuban Missile Crisis?

A

At first increased tentions but then the world become a safer place

A direct hotline was set up between the 2 superpowers
Test ban treaty
Outer space treaty
Nuclear Non-Proliferation

Better relations between Kennedy and Khrushchev
He was shown to be a strong leader and his popularity increased

Khrushchev was dismissed

34
Q

What happened in June 1963

A

A hotline was set up between the 2 superpowers

35
Q

What happened in August 1963?

A

Test ban treaty was signed.

36
Q

Who signed the test ban treaty?

What did it do?

A

UK, USA, USSR

it banned countrys from testing nuclear weapons underwater, in the atmosphere and in space

37
Q

What happened in 1967

A

The outerspace treaty was signed

38
Q

What did the outerspace treaty do?

A

Stopped countries from from using space for military purposes specificly nuclear weapons

39
Q

What happened in 1968?

A

Nuclear Non-Proliferation treaty

40
Q

What did the Nuclear Non-Proliferation treaty do?

A

Stopped countries from sharing their nuclear technology with other countries

41
Q

Who signed the Nuclear Non-Proliferation treaty?

A

USA, USSR, UK France, many others that didn’t have nuclear weapons

42
Q

What was wrote in 1956 by a former US secretary of State?

Who wrote it?

A

“If you are scared to go to the brink, you are lost”

John Foster Dulles

43
Q

What did Khrushchev claim about the Cuban Missile Crisis?

A

He claimed he was the victor because he had guaranteed the security of Cuba

44
Q

When was Khrushchev sacked?

A

1964

45
Q

How many people were estimated (after) to have died if missiles were fired?

A

Harvard estomated 100,000 million (53.6%) in the US and another 100,000 million (44.6%) in the USSR

46
Q

How long did the Bay of Pigs invasion last?

A

Less that 72 hours

47
Q

Who was the Soviet secratary of state in 1962?

What did he do?

A

Gromyko

He lied to kennedy telling them that the USSR had no plans to put missiles on Cuba

History Cold War (9 decks)

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