The Cold War Intensifies Flashcards
Whuch country had the most convensinal weapons?
The Soviets
How much more powerfull was the H bomb than the A bomb?
1000X
What is an ICBM?
How far could it send a nuclear weapon?
Inter-Continental Ballistic Missile
4500Km
When was the Prime minister of Hungary executed?
June 1958
Why was the capture and execution of Nagy contrvertial?
He was arrested after leaving the Yucoslavian embecy after being prommised free passage to the west by Kadar
When did the USA developemthe atomic bomb?
1945
When did the Soviets develope an atomic bomb?
1949
When did the USA develope the Hydrogen bomb?
1952
When did the Soviet Union develope the Hydrogen bomb?
1953
When did the US develope the ICMB?
1957
When did the USSR develope a ICBM?
1957 a few months after the US
What did the arms race achieve?
Ruined the USSR’s economy and the US’s economy suffered
Didn’t give each side much of an advantage
Mutaly Assured Destruction (MAD)
What did the 2 superpowers spend there money on?
Mostly more powerfull nuclear bombs, bigger armys, submarines, navies and stocks of conventinal weapons (normall bombs ect)
What did MAD mean?
Why did each side continute to develoe new weapons?
Muatualy Assured Destruction
By the 1950’s both sides could destroy each other many times over so no side would risk fighting because it would mean there own destruction
The nuclear weapons were ment as a deterrent
Who was the new president of the USA?
When?
January1953
Eisenhower
Winning the presidentsl election of 1952
What was Eisenhowers presidential campaign about?
It targeted communism
Eisenhower and his secretary of state were anti-communist
Who was the secetary of state in 1953?
John Foster Dulles
When did Stalin die?
4th March 1953
What happened after Stalin died?
There was a power struggle in the USSR because Stalin never named a sucsessor
Who become the new leader of the Soviet Union when?
Nikita Khrushchev
1956
How did Khrushchev initialy improve relations with the west?
At the Party Congress in that year he openly critizised Stalin and his policies.
He suggested a peacefull co-existence wih the west.
This was known as the epsecret speach
He also started destalinisation
Why were peope hopefull of decreased tentions between the superpowers and a solution to the cold war in 1953?
New leaders
The korean war came to an end in July 1953
Both the USA and USSR wanted to decrease spending on there armys
When did the korean war start and end?
1950-July 1953
In the Korean war who supported each side?
South - USA, NATO
North- China, USSR
How did the korean war start?
North Korea invaded South Korea
What was agreed in the Geneva 1955
In July 1955. The superpowers agreed in how Austria should be governed.
However agreements wern’t made about the future of Germnay
What year did the Geneva summit happen? (1950’s)
July 1955
What happened to end the optimism of a resolved cold war?
In May 1955, Wets Germnay joined Nato and the Warsaw pact was announced.
When did the Hungarian Uprising happen?
1956
Why were the people of Hungary protesting?
Lack of political freedom
Poor harvests
Problems created by fuel shortages
In October there were riots in Budapest (capital). Police clashed with protesters which angered people.
What did do Khrushchev try and solve the problem in Hungary?
He replaced Rakosi with Imre Nagy who was a communist who belived that people needed more freedom.
Khrushchev hoped that this appointment would end the protests
What did Nagy do when he became prime minister?
He reorginised the 1 party rule in Hungary and let non communist partys compete
He autherised the release of many Hungarian prisoners who were falsly imprisoned
He peruaded Khrushchev to remove troops from Hungary
In early November Nagy announced that Hingary would leave the Warsaw Pact
How did Khrushchev respond to Nagy’s reforms?
He was willing to accept them to get peace in Hungary
However he couldn’t allow Hungary to leave the Warsaw Pact because otherwise other countrys may follow
When did the Soviets invade Hungary?
What happened?
4th November 1956
1,000 tanks rolled into Budapest. The people onHungary put up a fight and begged the west for support however no support came
How many Hungarians died?
Up to 20,000
Who replaced Nagy?
Nagy was replaced by Janos Kadar
Why may have past events influenced the Hungarian Uprising?
Hungarians thought that the Truman Doctrine would make USA send help - however the Truamn doctrine said it would contain communism not help already “lost” countrys
Nagy and his supporters thought that because of the secret speach Khrushchev may take a softer approach.
What did Nagy say in his last telegram?
He asked for support from the west
What was the Polish Thaw?
In the summer of 1956 Gomulka managed to stave on an armed invasion that prommising that Poland didn’t want to leave the Warsaw Pact?
Who was the leader of Poland in the summer of 1956?
Gomulka
Why didn’t the US fight with the Hungarians?
The truman doctrine didn’t include deffending countrys already lost to communism
It could of triggered a nuclear war
What effects did the Hingarian Uprising have?
Secured Khrushchev’s position and reputation.
He knew the US were unlikly to be use military force so Khrushchev was able to be more firm with the west.
It made the US look as if they wern’t ready to back up there words because they didn’t help Hungary.
The US made anti communism propaganda about it and stronoy condemmed the Soviet Union’s actions
What happened on the 23rd october 1956?
Students demenstrations started
What happened on the 24rd october 1956?
Khrushchev agreed Nagy could become the prime minister of Hungary
What happened in early november 1956?
Nagy announces Hungary will leave the Warsaw Pact
What happened on the 28rd october 1956?
Soviet army withdrew from Hungary. Government gives the people free elections and free speach
What happened on the 4th November 1956?
Soviets come back to Hingary and after bloody streat battles the Soviets regained controll
What effects did the Hungarian revolution have on Hungary?
Many people died
ISSR made life harder
Living conditions became worse
Budapest was in ruins
Why could the Soviet Union nit affprd to let Hungary go?
They provided the USSR with iron
