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History Cold War > Rising Tensions 1979-84 > Flashcards

Rising Tensions 1979-84 Flashcards

1
Q

When was Martial Law decleared in Poland?

A

1981

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2
Q

When was the death of Brezhnev

A

1982

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3
Q

Why were the soviets interested in Afghanistan?

A

They were seen as an important neighbour

Afghanistan formed an important buffer zone between the USSR and Iran

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4
Q

What did a revolution in Iran do?

A

Replaced the Shah with a Muslim fundelmentolist group

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5
Q

When was the revolution in Iran?

A

1979

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6
Q

Why was it important that there was a buffer between the USSR and Iran?

A

So that Iran’s muslim idiology wouldn’t spread into the Soviet Unions boarders as they had a large Muslim population

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7
Q

What is the Shah?

A

The king or emporor in Iran. There had always been a Shah untill the 1979 revolution

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8
Q

When did a pro Soviet government take controll in afghanistan?

What did it recieve?

A

April 1978

It recived economic aid from Moscow

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9
Q

What happened to the pro-soviet government?

A

It was toppled in September 1979 by a popular coup

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10
Q

Who staged the coup that brought down the pro-soviet government?

A

Hafizullah Amin

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11
Q

Did Moscow support Amin?

A

At first they did but as he became more unpopular more pro-Muslim factors tryed to overthrow him and the Soviet Union got worried by this.

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12
Q

What was the last straw that made Brezhnev invade Afghanistan?

A

He hurd rumers that Amin was talking to the USA about possible American support

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13
Q

When did the USSR invade Afghanistan?

A

24th December 1979

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14
Q

What did the invading army claim?

A

They had been invited by Amin to support him against terrerists

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15
Q

What happened to Amin?

A

On 27th December he was assasonated (almost certianly by USSR commandos)

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16
Q

Who replaced Amin?

A

A pro-Soviet. Babrak Kamal

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17
Q

When did the Afghanistan war end?

How long did it last?

A

1989

10 years

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18
Q

Why did the Soviet Union stay in Afghanistan?

A

To fight the mujahideen who opposed Babrak Kamal

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19
Q

What did the USA see the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan as?

A

An attempt to spread communsim abroad

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20
Q

How did Carter react to the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan?

A

Carter called it the bigget threat to world peace since WW2.
He increased soending on arms
He withdrew the SALT 2 agreement from the senate
Anounced the Carter Doctrine
He started sending suplies to the mujahideen
He imposed economic sanctions on the USSR

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21
Q

What did the Carter doctrine say?

A

The US would use force if necesary to protect US interest in the persian gulf

22
Q

When was the Carter doctrine announced?

A

At the state of the union adress in 1980

23
Q

What did the USA do to oppose Kamal?

A

They supplied weapons and billion of dollers to the mujahideen

24
Q

How many USSR troops were killed?

A

15,000

25
Q

How much did the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan cost them?

A

$8 billion a year

26
Q

How many civilian casualties were there?

A

Very high. Some estimate 1.5 million deaths

27
Q

What was Reagan’s election campain based on?

A

He riducled Carter as a weak president and wanted to lead america to get it’s place as a world superpower again

28
Q

When did Reagan become president?

A

January 1981

29
Q

When did Jimmy carter become president?

A

January 20th 1977

30
Q

What were the consequences of the invasion of Afghanistan?

A 
It worsened US-Sino relations
End of détente
Start of the second cold war
10 year war in Afghanistan
SALT 2 abandoned
Carter Doctrine
Olympic boycotts
31
Q

What was the dirst olympics to be boycotted?

A

1980 Moscow

32
Q

What was the second olympics to be boycotted?

A

1984 LA olympics

33
Q

How many nations supported the US boycott

A

60 nations

34
Q

Why was the US boycott significant?

A

Olympics are global events which the USSR wanted to show of communism
It made the Moscow games look second rate
The Boycott reflected the influence that the USA had

35
Q

What was British action on the US boycott?

A

They didn’t prevent athletes from going but they encouraged them not to take part

36
Q

What was USA action on the US boycott?

A

American athlets were told that their passports would be taken away if they tried to go

37
Q

What were the effects of the olympic boycotts?

A

Worsened superpower relations

38
Q

What happened 4 years after the US boycott of the Moscow olympics?

A

The USSR boycotted the LA olympics

39
Q

How many countrys joined the USSR’s boycott of the LA olympics?

A

15 other communist countries

40
Q

What approach did Reagan use?

A

A tougher approach

41
Q

How did we see Reagan’s approach?

A

Evil empire speach
Reagan doctrine
Increase in military spending
He gave support to insurgent grouos in central america

42
Q

Give examples of how Reagan helped insurgence groups in central america?

A

El Salvador
Nicaragua
Grenada

43
Q

What was the Reagan Doctrine?

A

The US support anti communist governments or anti communist GROUPS to overthrow an communist government

44
Q

Facts about increase spending in the 1980’s?

A

In 1982 13% more was spent

In 1983 8% more was spent

45
Q

What happened as a result of increased military spending under Reagan?

A

New weapons such as the Trident Submarines and Stealth bombers were developed

46
Q

What did Reagan kniw about the Soviet Union in the 1980’s?

Why?

A

It was struggling

Developing new weapons
The war in Afghanistan costed a fortune

47
Q

How did Reagan captalis on the USSR’s weak economy?

A

Announcing SDI

48
Q

When was SDI announced?

What was it also known as?

A

1983

Star Wars

49
Q

What did SDI stand for?

A

Strategic Defense Initiative

50
Q

What was SDI?

A

A series of satalites which would be placed in orbit which could carry lasers that could shoot down missiles that threatened the USA

51
Q

What was the downsides of SDI?

A

It was completely against the 1967 Outer Space Treaty

It was years away from being ready

52
Q

What were the advantages of SDI?

A

It took the Soviet Union by shock. There new missiles (which they had devoted a lot of money to) would be made redundant

The USSR would have to spend a lot of money to catch up to the USA’s technology

It was a significant turning point in the arms race

History Cold War (9 decks)

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