The Development Gap Vocab Flashcards
Economic core
The centre of a country or region, economically. Businesses thrive; people have opportunities and are relatively wealthy. A highly developed area.
Economic periphery
The edge of a country or region, economically. It may not be physically on the edge, but it is a more remote, difficult area where people tend to be poorer and have fewer opportunities. A less well developed area.
European Investment Bank
The EU’s non-profit, long-term lending institution, who invest in regional development in Europe. EU member countries contribute to the EIB according to their size and wealth.
Fair trade
Agricultural producers are paid a fair price for produce, to improve their standard of living
Interdependence
When countries have a need of or are reliant on each other
Primary Product Dependency
Relying on one product for income
Sustainable development
Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Social, economic and environmental
Trade
The exchange of goods and services between countries
Trade bloc
Several countries grouped together to trade with reduced barriers e.g. The EU
Tariffs
Government taxes on imported or exported goods
Aid
Money, food, training or technology given by rich countries to poorer, either to help after an emergency or for long-term development
Bilateral aid
Aid given by one government to another - may include trade tied to aid
Bottom-up aid
Aid used to provide basic health care, clean water and money for education
Charitable aid
Aid given free from NGOs such as charities
Debt
Money owed to others, such as to a bank or a global organisation
Debt relief
Forgiving a debt in part or total - writing it off
Donor country
The country giving aid
IMF (International Monetary Fund)
Formed in 1944 but now has 188 member countries - an international organisation working to foster global financial co-operation, stability and fair trade
Loans
Sums of money that at some point in the future have to be paid back with interest
Long-term aid
Aid given over a long time to improve development e.g. training
Multilateral aid
Countries at further stages of development give money to international organisations e.g. IMF or the UN, which then redistribute it to development projects in countries at lesser stages of development
Receiving / recipient country
The country receiving aid
Short-term aid
Aid given after a disaster e.g. Tents and medicine
Top-down aid
Aid used to provide governments with funds for development
UN (United Nations)
Formed in 1945, but now has 193 member countries - an inter-governmental organisation working to promote international co-operation including maintaining international peace and security, promoting human rights, fostering social and economic development, protecting the environment and providing humanitarian aid
CAP (Common Agricultural Policy)
A policy to support and control farming in the EU
Access to safe water
The proportion of the population who have reasonable means of getting clean, safe drinking water located within a convenient distance from their dwelling
Development measure
Statistics used to show or compare development
Birth rate
The number of live births per year
Child mortality
The number of children that die on or before their 5th birthday per 1000 live births per year
Death rate
The number of deaths per 1000 people per year
GNP (Gross National Product)
The total value of all goods and services produced by a country in a year, including overseas
GNI (Gross National Income) per head
A measure of a country’s total wealth divided by the population
GDP (Gross Domestic Product)
The total value of all goods and services produced within a country in a year
HDI (Human Development Index)
An index of development, using life expectancy, literacy rate and PPP with 1 being the best
Infant mortality
The number of children born alive who die on or before their first birthday per 1000 per year
Life expectancy
The number of years from birth a person is expected to live
Literacy rate
The percentage of adults in a country who can read and write sufficiently to fully function in work and society
Doctors per people
The number of medical doctors (physicians) per 1000 of the population
PQLI (Physical Quality of Life Index)
An index of development using life expectancy, literacy rate and infant mortality
PPP (Purchasing Power Parity)
The strength of someone’s income within a country
