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GCSE Geopgraphy > Coastal Zone Vocab > Flashcards

Coastal Zone Vocab Flashcards

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1
Q

Arch

A

A headland that has been partly broken through by the sea to form a thin-roofed arch

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2
Q

Attrition

A

The knocking together of pebbles making them gradually smaller and smoother

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3
Q

Backwash

A

The backward movement of water down a beach when a wave has broken

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4
Q

Bar

A

A split that has grown across a bay, trapping a freshwater lake or lagoon behind it

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5
Q

Bay

A

A broad coastal inlet often with a beach

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6
Q

Beach

A

A deposit of sand or shingle at the coast, often found at the head of a bay

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7
Q

Beach depletion

A

The loss of beach material eg. by offshore dredging of shingle banks

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8
Q

Cave

A

A hollowed-out feature at the base of an eroding cliff

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9
Q

Constructive wave

A

A powerful wave with a strong Swash that surges up a beach

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10
Q

Corrasion

A

The effect of rocks being flung at the cliff by powerful waves

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11
Q

Crest

A

The top of a wave

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12
Q

Destructive wave

A

A wave formed by a local storm that crashes down onto a beach and has a powerful backwash

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13
Q

Fetch

A

The distance of open water over which the wind can blow

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14
Q

Hard engineering

A

Building artificial structures such as sea walls, aimed at controlling natural processes

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15
Q

Headland

A

A promontory of land jutting out into the sea

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16
Q

Hydraulic power

A

The sheer power of the waves

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17
Q

Longshore drift

A

The transport of sediment ALONG a stretch of coastline, caused by the waves approaching the beach at the same angle as the prevailing wind

18
Q

Managed retreat

A

Allowing the controlled flooding of low-lying costal areas or cliff collapse to occur in areas where the value of land is low

19
Q

Marine/coastal erosion

A

The wearing away of land and the removal of beach or dune sediments by waves and tides

20
Q

Mass movement

A

The downhill movement of material under the influence of gravity

21
Q

Pioneer plant

A

The first plant species to colonise an area that is well adapted to living in a harsh environment

22
Q

Prevailing wind

A

Winds that blow predominantly from a single direction

23
Q

Rockfall

A

The collapse of a cliff face or the fall of individual rocks from a cliff

24
Q

Saltation

A

A hopping movement of pebbles along the seabed

25
Q

Salt marsh

A

Low-lying coastal wetland mostly extending between high and low tide

26
Q

Shoreline Management Plan (SMP)

A

An integrated coastal management plan for a stretch of coastline in England and Wales

27
Q

Soft engineering

A

A sustainable approach to managing the coast without using artificial structures

28
Q

Solution (erosion)

A

The dissolving of rocks, such as limestone and chalk

29
Q

Solution (transportation)

A

The transport of dissolved chemicals

30
Q

Spit

A

A finger of new land made of sand or shingle, jutting out into the sea from the coast

31
Q

Stack

A

An isolated pinnacle of rock sticking out of the sea

32
Q

Stump

A

An eroded stack, exposed only at low tide and covered with water at high tide

33
Q

Suspension

A

Lighter particles are carried within the water

34
Q

Swash

A

The forward movement of a wave up a beach

35
Q

Traction

A

Heavy particles are rolled along the seabed

36
Q

Vegetation succession

A

A sequence of vegetation species colonising an environment

37
Q

Wave-cut notch

A

A small indentation (or notch) cut into a cliff roughly at the level of high tide, caused by concentrated marine erosion at this level

38
Q

Wave-cut platform

A

A wide, gently sloping rocky surface at the foot of a cliff

39
Q

Weathering

A

The disintegration or decay of rocks in their original place (in situ) at or close to the close to the ground surface

40
Q

Abrasion

A

The ‘sandpapering’ effect of pebbles grinding over a rocky platform, often causing it to become smooth

GCSE Geopgraphy (11 decks)

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