The Developing Mind: Life-Span Development

Question 1

sensorimotor stage

Answer 1

this is from birth to the age of 2. This is Piaget’s initial period of development when the infants mental activity is only sensory perception and motor skills.

Question 2

preoperational stage

Answer 2

This is from the age of 2 to 7. This is Piaget’s second stage of cognitive development characterized by the use of symbols and illogical thought.

Jean Piaget’s stage of development beginning at the age of 2 years and ending at the age of 6 years and characterized by use of symbols, egocentrism, and limits on the ability to reason logically.

Question 3

concrete operational stage

Answer 3

This is from the age of 7 to 11. This is Piaget’s third stage of cognitive development characterized by logical thought.

Jean Piaget’s stage of development beginning at the age of 6 years and ending at the age of 12 years and characterized by logical but not abstract reasoning.

Question 4

formal operational stage

Answer 4

This is from the age of 11 to adulthood. This is the period of cognitive development characterized by the ability to engage in abstract thought according to Piaget.

Jean Piaget’s stage of development beginning at age 12 and extending through adulthood and characterized by mature reasoning capabilities.

Question 5

accommodation

Answer 5

this is the modification of an established schema to fit a new object or problem.

The incorporation of new learning into an existing schema that requires revision of the schema.

Question 6

adolescence

Answer 6

This is the development period from puberty to young adulthood.
A period of development beginning at puberty and ending at young adulthood.

Question 7

Alzheimer’s disease

Answer 7

This is an age related condition characterized by memory loss, confusion and increasing loss of mental abilities.

Question 8

what is assimilation

Answer 8

this is the application of established schema to new objects or problems according to Piaget.

The incorporation of new learning into an existing schema without the need to revise the schema.

Question 9

what is attachment

Answer 9

this is the emotional bonding between an infant and its caregiver.

Emotional bond linking an infant to a parent or caregiver.

Question 10

what is conservation

Answer 10

this is Piaget’s term for the awareness that physical quantities stay constant despite changes in shape or appearance.

The ability to understand that changing the form or appearance of an object does not change its quantity.

Question 11

what is developmental psychology

Answer 11

This is study of the normal changes in behaviour that occur across the lifespan.

Question 12

what is egocentrism

Answer 12

this is the belief that her people think as you do.

Limitations on the ability to understand the point of view of other people.

Question 13

what is embryo

Answer 13

This is the stage of development from the fourteenth day after conception until the end of the second month.

The term used to describe a developing organism between the zygote and the fetus stages, or between gestational weeks three and eight weeks in humans.

Question 14

what is emotional intelligence

Answer 14

This is the ability to perceive, use, understand and manage feeling states.

Question 15

fatal alcohol syndrome

Answer 15

This is the pattern of physical and mental defects found in babies born to mothers who drank excessively during pregnancy.

Question 16

fetus

Answer 16

This is the stage of development that begins the third month after conception and lasts until birth.

The term used to describe a developing organism between the embryo stage and birth, or between gestational week eight and approximately 40 weeks in humans.

Question 17

fraternal twins

Answer 17

These are twins conceived from two separate eggs.

Question 18

gender

Answer 18

These are culturally constructed distinctions between masculinity and femininity.

Question 19

gener identity

Answer 19

This is ones personal, private sense if maleness or femaleness.

Question 20

maturation

Answer 20

This is the physical growth and development of the body, brain and nervous system.

Question 21

zygote

Answer 21

The term used to describe a developing organism immediately following conception until the embryo stage, or the first two gestational weeks in humans.

Question 22

teratogen

Answer 22

A chemical agent that can harm the zygote, embryo, or fetus.

Question 23

fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD)

Answer 23

A group of conditions that can occur in an individual when a mother consumes alcohol during pregnancy. Effects can include physical abnormalities and cognitive and behavioural problems.

Question 24

pruning

Answer 24

The process in which unused or unnecessary neurons and synapses are eliminated in order to enable more efficient neural processing.

Question 25

equilibration

Answer 25

The process by which a child engages in assimilation and accommodation in order to make sense of the world.

Question 26

sensorimotor stage

Answer 26

Jean Piaget’s stage of development beginning at birth and ending at the age of 2 years and characterized by active exploration of the environment.

Question 27

circular reactions

Answer 27

Repetitive actions observed in children during the sensorimotor stage of cognitive development.

Question 28

object permanence

Answer 28

The ability to form mental representations of objects that are no longer present.

Question 29

zone of proximal development

Answer 29

In Vygotsky’s theory, tasks that the child can accomplish with the assistance of more experienced or knowledgeable individuals.

Question 30

theory of mind (TOM)

Answer 30

The understanding that others have thoughts that are different from one’s own.

Question 31

secure attachement

Answer 31

A pattern of infant–caregiver bonding in which children explore confidently and return to the parent or caregiver for reassurance.

Question 32

insecure attachment

Answer 32

A pattern of infant–caregiver bonding that can take several forms but is generally characterized as less desirable for the child’s outcomes than secure attachment.

Question 33

puberty

Answer 33

A period of physical changes leading to sexual maturity.

Question 34

secondary sex characteristics

Answer 34

Physical changes occurring at puberty associated with sexual maturity.

Question 35

preconventional morality

Answer 35

Lawrence Kohlberg’s stage at which moral choices are made according to expectations of reward or punishment.

Question 36

conventional morality

Answer 36

Lawrence Kohlberg’s stage of moral development in which moral choices are made according to law or public opinion.

Question 37

postconventional morality

Answer 37

Lawrence Kohlberg’s stage at which moral choices are made according to personal standards and reason.

Question 38

identity

Answer 38

A consistent, unified sense of self.

Question 39

Menopause

Answer 39

The complete cessation of a woman’s menstrual cycles.