The Developing Mind: Life-Span Development Flashcards
sensorimotor stage
this is from birth to the age of 2. This is Piaget’s initial period of development when the infants mental activity is only sensory perception and motor skills.
preoperational stage
This is from the age of 2 to 7. This is Piaget’s second stage of cognitive development characterized by the use of symbols and illogical thought.
Jean Piaget’s stage of development beginning at the age of 2 years and ending at the age of 6 years and characterized by use of symbols, egocentrism, and limits on the ability to reason logically.
concrete operational stage
This is from the age of 7 to 11. This is Piaget’s third stage of cognitive development characterized by logical thought.
Jean Piaget’s stage of development beginning at the age of 6 years and ending at the age of 12 years and characterized by logical but not abstract reasoning.
formal operational stage
This is from the age of 11 to adulthood. This is the period of cognitive development characterized by the ability to engage in abstract thought according to Piaget.
Jean Piaget’s stage of development beginning at age 12 and extending through adulthood and characterized by mature reasoning capabilities.
accommodation
this is the modification of an established schema to fit a new object or problem.
The incorporation of new learning into an existing schema that requires revision of the schema.
adolescence
This is the development period from puberty to young adulthood.
A period of development beginning at puberty and ending at young adulthood.
Alzheimer’s disease
This is an age related condition characterized by memory loss, confusion and increasing loss of mental abilities.
what is assimilation
this is the application of established schema to new objects or problems according to Piaget.
The incorporation of new learning into an existing schema without the need to revise the schema.
what is attachment
this is the emotional bonding between an infant and its caregiver.
Emotional bond linking an infant to a parent or caregiver.
what is conservation
this is Piaget’s term for the awareness that physical quantities stay constant despite changes in shape or appearance.
The ability to understand that changing the form or appearance of an object does not change its quantity.
what is developmental psychology
This is study of the normal changes in behaviour that occur across the lifespan.
what is egocentrism
this is the belief that her people think as you do.
Limitations on the ability to understand the point of view of other people.
what is embryo
This is the stage of development from the fourteenth day after conception until the end of the second month.
The term used to describe a developing organism between the zygote and the fetus stages, or between gestational weeks three and eight weeks in humans.
what is emotional intelligence
This is the ability to perceive, use, understand and manage feeling states.
fatal alcohol syndrome
This is the pattern of physical and mental defects found in babies born to mothers who drank excessively during pregnancy.
fetus
This is the stage of development that begins the third month after conception and lasts until birth.
The term used to describe a developing organism between the embryo stage and birth, or between gestational week eight and approximately 40 weeks in humans.
fraternal twins
These are twins conceived from two separate eggs.
gender
These are culturally constructed distinctions between masculinity and femininity.
gener identity
This is ones personal, private sense if maleness or femaleness.
maturation
This is the physical growth and development of the body, brain and nervous system.
zygote
The term used to describe a developing organism immediately following conception until the embryo stage, or the first two gestational weeks in humans.
teratogen
A chemical agent that can harm the zygote, embryo, or fetus.
fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD)
A group of conditions that can occur in an individual when a mother consumes alcohol during pregnancy. Effects can include physical abnormalities and cognitive and behavioural problems.
pruning
The process in which unused or unnecessary neurons and synapses are eliminated in order to enable more efficient neural processing.
equilibration
The process by which a child engages in assimilation and accommodation in order to make sense of the world.
sensorimotor stage
Jean Piaget’s stage of development beginning at birth and ending at the age of 2 years and characterized by active exploration of the environment.
circular reactions
Repetitive actions observed in children during the sensorimotor stage of cognitive development.
object permanence
The ability to form mental representations of objects that are no longer present.
zone of proximal development
In Vygotsky’s theory, tasks that the child can accomplish with the assistance of more experienced or knowledgeable individuals.
theory of mind (TOM)
The understanding that others have thoughts that are different from one’s own.
secure attachement
A pattern of infant–caregiver bonding in which children explore confidently and return to the parent or caregiver for reassurance.
insecure attachment
A pattern of infant–caregiver bonding that can take several forms but is generally characterized as less desirable for the child’s outcomes than secure attachment.
puberty
A period of physical changes leading to sexual maturity.
secondary sex characteristics
Physical changes occurring at puberty associated with sexual maturity.
preconventional morality
Lawrence Kohlberg’s stage at which moral choices are made according to expectations of reward or punishment.
conventional morality
Lawrence Kohlberg’s stage of moral development in which moral choices are made according to law or public opinion.
postconventional morality
Lawrence Kohlberg’s stage at which moral choices are made according to personal standards and reason.
identity
A consistent, unified sense of self.
Menopause
The complete cessation of a woman’s menstrual cycles.
