The Cytoskeleton Flashcards
What does the cytoskeleton do?
gives the cell its shape and structure, and acts as a track for material transportation
what are the three components of the cytoskeleton
microfilaments, microtubules, intermediate filaments
microfilaments are rods made of:
actin (called actin filaments)
actin filaments are organized into:
bundles and networks
actin filaments are resistant to both:
compression and fracture
because actin filaments are flexible, they can:
provide protection for the cell
actin filaments can use ___ to generate force for movement
ATP
actin filaments interact with ___ in muscle contractions
myosin
microfilaments play a major role in which stage of mitosis?
cytokinesis - when the division of the daughter cells occurs
during mitosis, the ___ ___ is formed from microfilaments
cleavage furrow
what is a cleavage furrow?
formed from microfilaments, it is a ring that divides a cell into 2 daughter cells as the ring contracts
are microfilaments solid or hollow?
solid
are microtubules solid or hollow?
hollow
microtubules are polymers of which proteins?
tubulin
where are microtubules found in the cell?
they radiate far all over the cell
what is the main purpose of microtubules
to act as pathways for motor proteins
what are two major motor proteins that carry vesicles on microtubules
kinesin and dynein
motor proteins like kinesin and dynein, as well as binding proteins, cell adhesion molecules, immunoglobulins, , and ion channels, are all examples of what?
nonenzymatic protein functions
cilia and flagella are made up of
microtubules
what are cilia?
projections from a cell mainly used in the movement of materials
___ line the respiratory tract and are involved in the movement of mucus
cilia
what are flagella?
structures that are mainly used to move an entire cell, like sperm
cilia and flagella share the same structure, which is:
the 9+2 structure (only in eukaryotes)
9 microtubules on the outside, 2 on the center
centrioles are found in a region of the cell called the:
centrosome
