Prokaryotic Cell Structure Flashcards
where is the cell wall in a bacteria cell
outer barrier of the cell, the very outside of the cell
where is the plasma membrane located in bacterial cells relative to the cell wall?
beneath the cell wall, as a layer of phospholipids
In a bacterial cell, the cell wall + plasma membrane make up the:
envelope
What does the cell wall do in a bacterial cell?
provides structure, controls movement of solutes into and out of the cell
why is it important for the cell wall to control the movement of solutes in a bacterial cell?
to maintain concentration gradients relative to the environment
What are the two main types of cell walls?
Gram positive and negative
What color are gram positive cell walls stained? What exactly is being stained?
violet - the peptidoglycan in the cell wall, which is immense in gram positive cells.
what does penecillin target?
the enzyme that catalyzes the cross-linking of peptidoglycan
other than peptidoglycan, other significant thing do gram positive bacteria have in the cell walls?
lipoteichoic acid (LTA)
Do Gram negative cells have peptidoglycan in the cell walls?
Yes, but far less than gram positive.
how many membranes do gram negative cells have?
two, an outer and inner membrane
What is the space called in between the inner and outer membranes of gram negative cells?
the periplasmic space
what two major components are found on the outer membranes of gram negative cells?
lipopolysaccharides and phospholipids
What on the outer membrane of gram negative cells triggers the strongest inflammatory response?
The lipopolysaccharides on the outer membrane
How many flagella can bacteria have?
one or many
the ability for a cell to move towards or away a chemical stimuli is called:
chemotaxis
What are the 3 major components of bacterial flagella?
filament, basal body, hook
What is the filament of flagella and what is it made of?
It is a hollow structure made of flagellin
What is the basal body of flagella?
it anchors the flagellum to the membrane, and it is also the motor of the flagellum.
What does the hook do in a flagellum?
Connects the basal body to the filament so it can rotate it.
Do bacteria use histone proteins in DNA?
No, but some use similar histone-like proteins
Do archaea use histones in DNA?
yes
What are plasmids?
a small genetic structure that can replicate outside of chromosomes.
What kind of DNA is on plasmids?
Non-essential DNA for the survival of the cell.
